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Lifespan Ch 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Shaken Baby Syndrome | brain swelling and hemorrhaging from child abuse trauma |
| Forebrain | Cortex |
| Cerebral Cortex | folded surface covering the forebrain; divided into 2 hemispheres, each with 4 lobes |
| Frontal lobe | voluntary movement, thinking, personality, and intentionality |
| Occipital lobe | vision functions |
| Temporal lobe | hearing, language processing, and memory |
| Parietal lobe | spatial location, attention, and motor control |
| Cerebellum | fastest growing part of brain in 1st year |
| Lateralization | specialization of function in one hemisphere of the cerebral cortex or the other |
| Right brain | Visual-Spatial Relations & Abstract Reasoning |
| Left brain | Language & Logic; Girls have larger left hemisphere. Boys brains are symmetrical. |
| Neurons | brain nerve cells that communicate through electrical and chemical signals |
| Axons | carry signals away from the cell body |
| Dendrites | carry signals toward the cell body |
| Myelin sheath | layer of fat cells that insulate axons |
| Synapses | tiny gaps between neurons |
| Myelination | process of encasing axons with fat cells Begins prenatally and continues into adolescence |
| Integration | Neurons that control groups of muscles |
| Differentiation | Each neuron takes on a specialized function |
| Plasticity | creation of new neural pathways |
| Antigenic response | Mom recognizes this fetus as foreign. Later sons have higher defect rate b/c of compromised immune response. |
| Androgen Effect | Last trimester, boys release androgen (promotes male characteristics) but slows early nervous system development & cortex maturation especially in left hemisphere. |
| REM sleep | promotes brain development |
| SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome) | infants stop breathing and die without apparent cause; Highest cause of infant death in U.S. annually Highest risk is 2-4 months of age |
| SIDS Risk Factor | Siblings who died from SIDS, low birth weight, exposed to cigarette smoke, Being from lower SES or being African American or Eskimo; being male |
| SIDS prevention | 1) pacifiers lower risk of SIDS 2) don’t let baby sleep on soft surface on his stomach - rebreathing own carbon monoxide. 3) don’t let baby get over heated |
| Reflexes | built-in reactions to stimuli; generally carry survival mechanisms |
| Rooting Reflex | when the infant’s cheek is stroked, the infant will turn its head to the side that was touched. |
| Moro Reflex | automatic arching of back and throwing arms forward when startled |
| Grasping Reflex | infant’s hands close around anything that touches the palms |
| Gross Motor Skills | involve large-muscle activities |
| Fine Motor Skills | involve finely tuned movements |
| Palmer grasp | grasping with the whole hand |
| Pincer grip | grasping with the thumb and forefinger |
| Sensation | occurs when information interacts with sensory receptors (eyes, ears, tongue, nostrils, and skin) |
| Perception | interpretation of what is sensed |
| Ecological View | we directly perceive information that exists in the world around us |
| Vision | sense least developed at birth; 20/20 reached by about 8 months Binocular vision (depth) develops around 4.5 months |
| Visual Preference Method | They look at preferred (new) objects longer |
| Habituation | they look away |
| Dishabituation | They’re looking at it to figure it out. |
| 1st sense to develop | Touch; pain |
Created by:
MarieG
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