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PSY 341 Abnormal E3
Somataform, Dissociative, Schizophrenia, Psychotic & Personality Disorders
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Dissociative Disorders involve feeling: | Detached from oneself & one's surroundings & a sense of unreality |
| Dissociative Disorders are most likely to occur following: | an extremely stressful event |
| Dissociative Disorders affect one's sense of: | Identity, Memory, & Consciousness |
| Depersonalization occurs when: | An individual loses sense of his/her OWN reality & is often accompanied by a feeling of being an outside observer of one's own behavior |
| Derealization occurs when: | An individual loses sense of the reality of the external world in a situation. |
| Extreme manifestations of Depersonalization and Derealization are known as the ___________ Disorders. | Dissociative |
| The four types of DSM-IV Dissociative Disorders are: | Depersonalization Disorder, Dissociative Amnesia, Dissociative Fugue, and Dissociative Identity Disorder |
| Facts about Depersonalization Disorder: | Very rare, |
| Depersonalization Disorder has high comorbidity with _______; onset age of ___; a ____ sex ratio; and typically runs a _______ course. | Anxiety & Mood disorders; 16; equal; lifelong chronic |
| Depersonalization Disorder has a distinct cognitive profile including: | Cognitive deficits in attention, tunnel vision, and mind emptiness |
| Brain imaging studies of individual with Depersonalization Disorder reveal: | Dysregulation in the HPA-axis & deficits in perception & emotion regulation |
| Dissociative Amnesia (Generalized) is: | Loss of memory of all personal information, including identity |
| Dissociative Amnesia (Localized) is: | Failure to recall specific, usually traumautic, info of a specific period of time; much more common than Generalized Amnesia |
| Dissociative Fugue: | Most often in females, rapid onset, usually begins in adulthood |
| Dissociative Identity Disorder (Multiple Personality Disorder) | Most often in females, onset in childhood, chronic, child abuse |
| Alters: | different identities or personalities |
| Host: | identity that keeps other identities together |
| Factitious Disorder: | Fake symptoms to assume 'sick role' |
| Munchausen's Syndrome | long-term factititious disorder |
| Munchausen's by Proxy | Child abuse, attention |
| Malingering | faking illness for external gain |
| "Soma" | body |
| Somatization Disorder | Physical complaints w no medical condition, Rare, more often women, single, comorbid w anxiety & mood disorders |
| Conversion Disorder | Emotional problems expressed in a physical symptom, rare, most often females, somorbid w anxiety & mood disorders, onset adolescence, treatment: address stressor & reduce positive reinforcement of physical complaints |
| Pain disorder | Real pain w no physical reasons, common |
| What is Hypochondriasis | Severe anxiety about possibility of having a serious disease & not knowing it, w/o any physical cause, hypersensitivity to bodily cues |
| Hypochondriasis prognosis, sex ratio, causes, treatment | Chronic, Equal sex, Social learning/stress/hypersensitivity, CBT |
| Body Dismorphic Disorder (BDD) | Imagined ugliness,ideas of reference, fixation OR phobia w mirrors, suicidal ideation, equal sex ratio, early adolescence/early 20's, chronic, comorbid OCD, SSRI's meds for OCD |
| Schizophrenia symptoms | Psychotic symptoms for 1 month<, disturbance/impairment 6 months |
| 'psychosis' 'psyche' 'osis' | loss of touch w reality; mind; pathological condition |
| Schizophrenia sex ratio, onset, | equal sex, onset earlier & more severe in men, premorbid adjustment affects prognosis, |
| Psychotic Symptoms | Thought Disorder (Form or Content), Flat or Inappropriate Affect, Loss of Sense of Self, Loss of Volition, Disorganized Behavior |
| Psychotic Symptom - Thought Disorder - "Form of Thought" | Loosened associations, Poverty of content, Incoherence- words real, sentences w no meaning, Clanging-rhyming, Neologisms-making up words |
| Psychotic Symptom - Thought Disorder - "Content of Thought" | Delusions of reference, persecution, control, etc etc |
| Schizophrenia - Catatonic Type | Unusual motor responses, immobility, wild agitation, repeat phrases, Echolalia-mimic others speech, Echopraxia-mimic ppl/movement |
| Schizophrenia - Disorganized Type (Hebephrenia) | Most severe, youngest age of onset, flat/inappropriate affect, self-absorption, delusions/hallucinations |
| Schizophrenia - Paranoid Type | Least severe, most common, otherwise cognitive skills intact, Affect intact, positive symptoms |
| Schizophrenia - Catatonic - 4 Subtypes | Negative, Waxy flexibility, Impulsivity, Repeating |
| Higher rates of Schizophrenia among lower SES because: | Schizophrenics tend to drift into lower SES |
| Neuroleptics (antipsychotic drugs) | DA antagonists, reduce DA activity, may lead to Parkinson's, metaboic problems like high cholesterol/high cardiac risk, and tardicve dyskinesia |
| Causes of Schizophrenia: | Developmental brain disorder, ie maternal viral infection during 2nd trimester, malnutrition, toxins and/or hypoxia-lack of oxygen to fetus |
| Tardive Dyskinesia | motor issues, caused by some meds |
| PD Custer A | Odd/eccentric. Paranoid PD, Schizoid PD, Schizotypal PD. |
| PD onset, prognosis, comorbidity? | childhood, chronic, comorbidit very high, treatment difficult, prognosis often poor |
| Paranoid PD | Unjustified & pervasive mistrust & suspicion, no psychotic symptoms, more common in men, chronic |
| Schizoid PD | Indifference/detachment of social relationships, rare, most often in males, not psychotic, not anxious |
| Schizotypal PD | May be mild schizophrenia, Ideas of reference but able to test belief, Feeling but not believeing, Paranoid ideation, Inappropriate/constricted affect, Social anxiety, Odd thinking/speech |
| Schizotypal PD - morbidity, prognosis | 20-40% develop schizophrenia, more common in malescomorbid depression, poor prognosis |
| PD Cluster B | Dramatic, emotional, erratic. Antisocial PD, Borderline PD, Histrionic PD, Narcissistic PD. |
| PD Cluster C | Fearful/anxious. Avoidant PD, Dependant PD, Obsessive-Compulsive PD. |
| Antisocial PD | Violation of rights of others, social norms. More often in males, 60% substance abuse, deceitfulness, lack of conscience, emapthy or remorse. |
| Antisocial PD causes, treatment, prognosis | Inconsistent parental discipline, criminal family background, low BIS, high BAS, poor prognosis |
| Borderline PD | Unstable relationships/mood, fear of abandonment, suicidal gestures, stress-related paranoia, dissociation |
| Borderline PD causes, treatment, prognosis | Serotonin dysfunction/ early trauma, Most often females, antidepresssants or DBT |
| Histrionic PD | more common females, treatment problematic interpersonal behaviors |
| Narcissistic PD | Entitlement, Grandiose, Cause: Fail to learn emapthy as child, CBT?? |
| Avoidant PD | Extreme sensitivity to opinions of others, Avoid social interaction bc of fear of rejection, causes: early rejection?? Treatment: soial skills & anxiety |
| Dependant PD: | Clingy, submissive, excessive lengths for approval/support, |
| Obsessive-Compulsive PD: | Fixation, Perfectionistic, treatment: relaxation |
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