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Cog.Mot
Nat.Psy.Cog&Mot
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Proactive | the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information |
| Retroactive interference | disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information |
| 3 Box information processing model | encoding→storing→retrieval; sensory, short term (working), long term |
| Long term potentiation | an increase in a synapse's firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation. Believed to be a neural (hence physical) basis for learning and memory |
| Serial position effect | tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list |
| Implicit memory | independent of conscious recollection. Also called procedural |
| Explicit memory | memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know; "declare." |
| Ebbinghaus curve of forgetting | without repetition of new information, retention falls off steeply at first and then more slowly later |
| Functional fixedness | tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving |
| Divergent thinking | searching for multiple fresh new ideas |
| Availability heuristic | Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind |
| Representative heuristic | Judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes |
| Overconfidence | belief that one's opinions or predictions are highly correct |
| Framing effect | presentation of problem effects perception (25% fat vs. 75% lean) |
| Babbling | 3 – 4 months |
| One word | 1 – 2 yrs |
| Two word | 2 yrs.; telegraph |
| Noam Chomsky | built-in mechanism for acquiring language; language acquisition device |
| Whorf’s linguistic determinism | hypothesis that language determines the way we think |
| High need for achievement | prefer challenging but attainable goals |
| Low need for achievement | prefer very easy or very difficult goals |
| Drive reduction theory | physiological needs create an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need |
| Arousal theory | need for optimal level of stimulation; increase of decrease |
| Maslow’s hierarchy | pyramid of needs where lower level physiological needs must be met before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active |
| Achievement motivation | desire for significant accomplishment: for mastery of things, people, or ideas; for attaining a high standard |
| Lateral hypothalamus | hunger center |
| Ventromedial hypothalamus | satiety center |
| Eating disorder influences | culture, genetics |
| Extrinsic motivation | awards from the outside; external – money, recognition |
| Intrinsic motivation | personal reasons; internal – satisfaction, enjoyment |
| Sexual orientation influences | brain structure, genetics, hormones in the womb |
| Homeostasis | balanced internal state; i.e. not hungry |
| Yerkes-Dodson law | easy tasks need high arousal, difficult tasks need lower arousal |
Created by:
ninacn
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