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Antiparasitics-p600
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Amebiasis is caused by? | Entamoeba histolytica |
| Entamoeba Histolytica causes? | Amebiasis |
| Amebiasis transmission? | Transmitted by ingestion of food or water contaminated with human feces containing amebic cysts |
| Active Amebae that produces clinical manifestations of Amebiasis | Trophozoites |
| Extraintestinal amebicide; acts in the bowel wall, liver and other tissues | Chloroquine |
| Metronidazole (flagyl) site of action? | intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis |
| What is the time frame for onset of Giardial infections | 1-2 weeks; can be asymptomatic or spouts of diarrhea abd cramping, distention. |
| Untreated Giardiasis | may spontaneously resolve or develop into chronic disease with deficienceies of Vitamin B12, fat soluble vitamins, anorexia nausea, maaise, weight loss, large foul smelling stools |
| Symptomactic Giardiasis Treatment? | Adults and kids 8 yrs and up= Metronidazole |
| Malaria is caused by four species of protozoa of the genus........ | Plasmodium |
| Malaria is transmitted by..... | Anopheles mosquitoes |
| Toxoplasmosis Spread by.... | 1.Ingestion of undercooked meat/food with encysted forms 2.feces from infected cats 3.mother to child 2. |
| Aids patients with their immosuppressed systems get this infection which develops into encephalitis and death | Toxoplasmosis |
| Trichmoniasis Treatment? | Metronidazole (systemically) also applied locally as vaginal creams |
| Scabies and Pediculosis manifestation: | Pruritus- itching, which is a resultant allergic reaction to parasite secretions |
| Chloroquine (Aralen) | -mainly for antimalarial effects -extraintestinal amebiasis -Tx combined w/intestinal amebicide |
| Iodoquinol (Yodoxin) | acts against active amebae in the intestinal lumen. |
| Iodoquinol contraindications | iodine allergy or liver disease |
| Metronidazole (Flagyl) | -amebicidal at intestinal and extraintestinal sites -effective against protozoa amebiasis, giardiasis, trichomoniasis, anaerobic bacilli |
| Metronidazole (Flagyl)Contraindications.... | -first Trimester of pregnancy -CNS and blodd disorders -No alocohol while on this drug |
| Tetracycline and doxcycline | -antibacterial drugs -against amebae in intestinal lumen;alternales intestinal flora= less viability |
| Tinidazole (Tindamax) metabolized how? | in liver by P4503A4 -watch w/liver failure -metalic bitter taste with drug |
| Act against erythrocytic forms of plasmodial parasites to prevent or treat malaria | Chloroquine |
| To prevent recurrence of malarial attacks Chloroquine would have to act against what? | The tissues.... and it doesn't It just helps with acute attacks |
| Use Chloroquine w/caution with these type of patients? | Hepatic, neurologic,GI, ocular, or blood disorders |
| Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) | derivative of chlorquine with less adverse eff Tx..RA and lupus |
| Chloroquine and primaquine | mixture of phosphate based tablets for prevention of malaria |
| inhibits diff pathways in plasmodial reproduction. Tx of malaria and chloroquine resistants strains | Atovaquone and proquanil (Malarone) |
| used to prevent P falciparum, chloroquine resistant strains, acute malaria of P.vivax | Mefloquine (Lariam) |
| Prevents initial malaria, prevents recurrent attacks of malaria. -Not effective for acute attacks of malaria | Primaquine |
| Used for leg cramps -Prior 1st line antimalarial drug -may still be used for P falciparum restistant strains of Chloroquine | Quinine |
| Tx of diarrhea caused by giardiasis or cryptosporidiosis | Nitazoxanide (Alinia) |
| This drug may cause N/V Effective against parasitic inf. esp stronglyoidiasis | Ivermectin (Stromectol) |
| Mebendazole (vermox) | DOC for hook,round,pin,tape,whipworm infestations. -kills helminths by preventing uptake of glucose -helminths expelled in GI tract 3 dys after completion -acts localy not systemically |
| Contraindications: during pregnancy=teratogenic effects and in children <2yrs | Mebendazole (vermox) |
| Pyrantel (Pin-rid) Contraindications: | pregnancy, children <1yr |
| effective in infestations of round,pin, hookworms in intestinal track -acts locally to paralyze worms -poorly absorbed, most ends up in feces | Pyrantel (Pin-Rid) |
| How many apllication is needed for Permethrin to eliminate scabicides and pediculicides | Only 1 but 2 is recommended |
| derived from chrysanthemum plant -caution those w/allergy safe for kids adverse effect=pruritis | Permethrin |
| Lindane | 2nd line drug for scabies and Pediculosis -use with those allergic to Permethrin |
| This drug can be applied topically w/good absorbtion through intact skin -CNS toxicity reported in kids w/excessive use | Lindane |
| Malathion (Ovide) | Pediculicide,Tx... of restistant head lice infestations |
| pyrethrin (RID) | OTC preparation for pediculosis |
| pyrethrin preparation should be given in what increments? | require 2 applications given 10 days apart |
| Acute manifestations cycle occure 36-72 hrs -N/V splenomegaly,hepatomegaly, anemia, leukopenia, hyperbilirubinemia | Malaria |
| When you see plasmodial think? | Malaria |
| Larvae migrate to the lungs= pulmonary congestion. | Hook, round, and thread worm |
| diagnosed by swabing ova from anal area | Pinworms |
Created by:
tyhmar6
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