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Physical Science
Chapter 3 (Atoms and the Periodic Table)
| Word | Definition |
|---|---|
| Halogens | the highly reative elements located in Group 17 |
| Transition Metals | the metallic elements located in groups 3-12 |
| Noble Gases | the unreactive gaseous elements located in Group 18 |
| Ion | an atom or group of atoms that has lost or gained one or more electrons and therefore has a net electric charge |
| Ionization | the process of adding electrons to or removing electrons from an atom or group of atoms |
| Group | a vertival colomn of elements in the periodic table, also called a family |
| Period | a horizontal row of elements in the periodic table |
| Nucleus | the center of an atom made up of protons and neutrons |
| Molar Mass | the mass in grams of 1 mole of a substance |
| Periodic Law | the properties of elements tend to repeat in a regular pattern when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number |
| Valence Electron | an electron in the outermost energy level of an atom |
| Orbital | a region in an atom where there is a high probability of finding electrons |
| Energy Level | any of the possible energies an electron may have in an atom |
| Electron | a tiny negatively charged subatomic particle moving around outside the nucleus |
| Neutron | a neutral subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom |
| Proton | a positively charged subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom |
| Alkaline-earth Metals | the reactive metallic elements located in Group 2` |
| Mass Number | the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom |
| Atomic Number | the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
| Anion | an ion with a negative charge |
| Cation | an ion with a positive charge |
| Conversion Factor | a ratio equal to one that expresses the same quantity in two different ways |
| Avogadro's Constant | the number of particles in 1 mol; equals 6.022 x 10(23) mol/g |
| Mole | the SI base unit that describes the amount of a substance |
| Alkali Metals | the highly reactive metallic elements located in Group 1 of the periodic table |
| Semiconductors | the elements that are intermediate conductors of heat and electricity |
| Nonmetals | the elements that are usually poor conductors of heat and electricity |
| Metals | the elements that are good conductors of heat and electricity |
| Average Atomic Mass | the weighted average of the masses of all naturally occurring isotopes of an element |
| Average Mass Unit (AMU) | a quantity equal to one-twelfth the mass of a carbon - 12 atom |
| Isotopes | any atoms having the same nubmer of protons but different mumbers of neutrons |
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