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Belmont Final
| Drug | Action | Side Effects | Nursing Implication |
|---|---|---|---|
| cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) | alkylating agent | Effects rapidly dividing cells, damage to tissues w/ IV, hemorrhagic cystitis, sterility | Report HC and sterility |
| Alkylating agent | Works on all cells, but best on proliferating cells, used in almost every combo drug regimen | affects rapidly dividing cells, damage to tissues in IV form | (blank) |
| carmustine (BCNU) | alkylating agent | liver and kidney toxicity, lung damage | watch for liver/kidney/lung damage, especially labs |
| cisplatin (Platinol) | alkylating agent, similar to Cytoxan | kidney damage, ototoxicity | Hydration, watch hearing and balance |
| methotrexate (Rheumatrex) | prototype for Antimetabolites: trick cells into thinking it's an essential metabolite | preg X, bone marrow suppression, stomatitis, NV, pulmonary fibrosis, nephrotoxicity, hapatotoxicity | don't use w/ DMARDs, avoid pregnancy 6 months after tx, hydration, leucovorin rescue |
| fluorouracil (Adrucil) | anitimetabolites, acts like methotrexate | (blank) | (blank) |
| mercaptopurine (Purinethol) | antimetabolites, acts like methotrexate | + colistatic jaundice b/c gall bladder doesn't contract | (blank) |
| doxorubicin (Adriamycin) | antineoplastic antibiotic prototype: used for cytotoxic properties | cardiac toxicity, bone marrow suppression, NV, stomatitis, alopecia, red urine and sweat, vessicant | (blank) |
| vinblastine (Velban) | plant/vinca alkaloid | bone marrow suppression, neurotoxicity, NV, alopecia, stomatitis | (blank) |
| vincristine (Oncovin) | plant/vinca alkaloid, popular for combo | neurotoxicity (numbness, tingling), vessicant, less bone marrow suppression, less NV, alopecia, stomatitis | (blank) |
| paclitaxel (Taxol) | plant alkaloid/taxoid | severe allergic response, bone marrow suppression, peripheral neuropathy, cardiac toxicity, alopecia | pretreat with dexamethasone |
| prednisone/dexamethasone | tx cancers from lymphoid tissue/bone marrow | suppresses chemo induced NV, helps w/ cerebral edema from brain tumors | (blank) |
| tamoxifen (Nolvadex) | SERM, for estrogen or non-estrogen tumors r/t breast cancer (very widely used for prevention and treatment) | hot flashes, fluid retention, vaginal discharge, NV, menstrual irregularities, higher risk for endometrial cancer | more PAPs |
| anastrozole (Armimidex) | post menopausal breast cancer, 1st line, deprives of estrogen | well tolerated | (blank) |
| trastuzumab (Herceptin) | metastatic breast cancer | heart damage | (blank) |
| leuprolide (Lupron) | tx advanced prostate cancer, combined w/ androgen receptor blocker | well tolerated | (blank) |
| flutamide (Eulexin) | adregen receptor blocker, anti-male hormone | (blank) | (blank) |
| epoetin alfa (Epogen) | stimulates production of RBCs associated w/ dec Hct & Hgb | (blank) | (blank) |
| filigrastin (GCSF, Neupogen) | stimulates neutrophils | bone pain | (blank) |
| sargramostin (Leukine) | facilitates total bone marrow recovery | (blank) | (blank) |
| Interferon | enhances immune response, stops cancer cell growth | flu sx, anorexia, wt loss, D, abd pain, dizziness, cough | (blank) |
| efavirenz (Sustiva) | NNRTI prototype, disrupts reverse transcriptase, for HIV | CNS (50%, dizziness, impaired consciousness,insomnia, vivid dreams), rash (27%), hepatotoxicity, preg X | St. John's Wart decreaes levels, dec protease inhibitor levels |
| delavidine (Rescriptor) | NNRTI, like Sustiva | (blank) | (blank) |
| nevirapine (Virammune) | NNRTI, like Sustiva | (blank) | (blank) |
| protease inhibitors | HIV, stop protease from catalyzing final step in HIV maturation | hyperglycemia/diatbetes (w/in 2 months, tx pt like diabetic), fat distribution (like Cushings), hyperlipidemia, osteoperosis, hepatotoxicity, GI effects | Drugs inc: grapefruit. Drugs dec: garlic, St. John's Wart, Dilantin. Don't use w/ Viagra |
| lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra) | protease inhibitor | (blank) | (blank) |
| indinavir (Crixivan) | protease inhibitor | (blank) | (blank) |
| saquinavir (Invirase) | protease inhibitor | (blank) | (blank) |
| enfuvirtide (Fuzeon) | HIV infusion inhibitor prototype: for HIV 1 resistant to other agents | 98% have injection site reactions, pneumonia, hypersensitivity, preg X | resistance develops quickly, monitor lab work |
| All HIV Drugs | (blank) | (blank) | lab work, strict schedule, report s/e, id high risk pts, transmission prevention, plenty H2O |
| Bactrim | tx/prevent pneumocytstis carinii penumonia (PCP) | (blank) | (blank) |
| Pentamidine | tx/prevent PCP | (blank) | (blank) |
| ganciclovir | tx/prevent CMV retinitis | (blank) | (blank) |
| cidofovir | tx/prevent CMV retinitis | (blank) | (blank) |
| foscarnet | tx/prevent CMV retinitis | (blank) | (blank) |
| azithromycin/clarithromycin | tx mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) | (blank) | (blank) |
| pyrimethamine with sulfadiazene | toxoplasmosis encephalitis (through soil and cat feces) | (blank) | (blank) |
| Ampho B plus flucytosine | cryptococcal meningitis (fungal) | (blank) | (blank) |
| acyclovir/foscarnet | varicella-zoster | (blank) | (blank) |
| Acyclovir | herpres simplex virus | (blank) | (blank) |
| salicylic acid | tx dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis, acne, psoriasis, warts/corns | (blank) | absorbed through skin |
| benzoyl peroxide | moderate acne, suppresses bacteria growth | drying/peeling of skin, burning, blistering, scaling, swelling | 1-4 times daily |
| clindamycin/tetracycline, meclocycline, erythromycin | topical antibiotics for acne | (blank) | (blank) |
| tetracycline, minocycline, erythromycin, azithromycin | oral antibiotics for acne | (blank) | (blank) |
| tretinoin (Retin-A, Avita, Retin A Micro) | topical vit A for acne, increases cell turnover | blistering, peeling, crusting, burning, edema | avoid abrasive soaps, can aggravate sx of eczema and sunburn |
| isotretinion (Accutane) | vit A derivative for severe acne, decreaes sebum production | conjunctivitis, chelitis, nosebleeds (80%), dryness/itching of skin, nose and mouth, muscle pain and tenderness, preg X | interacts w/ tetracyclines, vit A |
| Ginkgo biloba/feverfew/garlic | suppression of platelet aggregation | (blank) | (blank) |
| Ma huang (ephedra) | increase BP, cardiac stimulation, CNS stimulation | (blank) | (blank) |
| St John's Wort | induces liver enzyme system, can accelerate metabolism of many drugs | (blank) | (blank) |
| timolol maleate (Timoptic) | glaucoma: 1st line beta blocker, decreases IOP w/ dec aqueous humor | stinging, conjunctivitis, blurred vision, photophobia, dry eyes | (blank) |
| brimonidine (Aphagan) | glaucoma: 1st line Alpha2 agonist, long term reduction of IOP in POAG | dry mouth, occular hyperemia, local burning and stinging | (blank) |
| latanoprost (Xalatan) | glaucoma: 1st line prostaglandin analog, dec IOP by stimulating AH outflow | increased brown pigmentation of iris- reversible | once daily dosing |
| atropine (Isopto Atropine) | dilates pupil, paralyzes muscle of accomodation | blurred vision, photophobia, precipitation of closed angle glaucoma, systemic effects | (blank) |
| cyclopentolate (Cyclogyl) | dilates pupil, paralyzes muscle of accomodation | blurred vision, photophobia, precipitation of closed angle glaucoma, systemic effects | (blank) |
| phenylephrine | intraocular surgery and exams, dilates/paralyzes eye | precipatation of angle closure glaucomas, floaters, pain | (blank) |
Created by:
epsearle
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