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RT 140 Ch.3
Radiation Protection
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Radiodermatitis | Reddening of the skin |
| Aplastic Anemia | Bone Marrow does not produce sufficient new cells to replenish blood cells |
| Pancytopenia | Depressed WBC, RBC,& platelet count |
| Leukemia | *Hematological malignacies *Types of cancer that affect blood, bone marrow, & lymph node |
| Radiation Protection | Effective measures employed by radiation worker's to safeguard patients, personnel, and the general public from unnecessary exposure to ionizing radiation |
| Effective Measures | Consist of Both Human and Environmental, Technical and Procedural |
| Biological Effects | Damage to living tissue from ionizing radiation |
| Tolerance levels | Biological effects were believed to be preventable if radiation dose was limited |
| Short term-Somatic Effects | Acute or Early Effects Occurred shortly after radiation exposure |
| Tolerance | Radiation dose to which occupationally exposed individual could be continuously subjected without apparent harmful effects |
| Threshold Dose | Dose of radiation below which an individual has negligible chance of sustaining specific biologic damage |
| Effective Dose (EfD) | Dose taking into account dose for all types of ionizing radiation absorbed by organs or tissues Wt |
| Roentgen | Internationally accepted as unit of Exposure to x and gamma radiations 1R |
| Restrictions to Roentgen | *Only X-ray & Gamma rays *Energy below 3 MeV *Only in air |
| Bragg Gray Cavity Theory | Relates ionization produced in a gas filled cavity to energy absorbed in surrounding medium |
| F-factor | *Roentgen to rad conversion factor *Dair= 0.876 rad/R x Exposure in Roentgen |
| Exposure | *Radiation ionization in air. *Amount of ionizing radiation energy transferred to material medium |
| Absorbed Dose | Energy deposited per unit mass by ionizing radiation in biological tissue. |
| Equivalent Dose | Accounts for variation in biologic harm produced by different types of radiation. Used for radiation protection purpose |
| Effective Dose | Quantity attempting to summarize the overall potential for biologic damage from ionizing radiation exposure. |
| Ampere | *Is unit of electric current *Traditional unit |
| Absorbed Dose | Defined as the amount of energy absorbed per unit mass of irradiated material or biological medium |
| Effective Dose | The sum of weighted equivalent doses for all tissues and organs irradiated |
| Collective Effective Dose | *Describe Internal and External dose measurements Describe radiation exposure to population Low dose of different types of Ionizing Radiation *ColEfD= Effective Dose Avg x No. People Exposed *(person-sievert or man-rem) |
| Linear Energy Transfer (LET) | The amount of energy transferred on average by incident radiation to an object & is expressed in units of kev/um |
| Stochastic effects Nonthreshold | Randomly occurring biologic effects of ionizing radiation such as cancer & genetic abnormalities. |
| Tissue Weighting Factor (Wt) | Weighting factor that takes into account the relative detriment to |
Created by:
kayg
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