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Fallacies
Philosophy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Personal Attack | arguer attacks the character of another arguer |
| Ad Hominem | arguer irrelevently insults another arguer (literally against the person) |
| Lack of Experience | arguer claims opponent does not have enough (or the right kind) of experience to make an argument |
| Vested Argument | arguer claims opponent has ulterior motives for making the argument |
| Tu Quoque | arguer claims opponent is doing what she/he has been accused of (literally: you also) |
| Fallacy | A misstep in an argument, quite literally a device that causes an argument to be useless. It invalidates arguments. |
| Mere Assertion | Arguer asserts claim without support, treating a single claim as an argument |
| Non-Sequitur | An argument where the conclusion does not follow from the premises |
| Dubious Authority | Arguer appeals to the wrong kind of authority |
| Unspecified Authority | Arguer appeals to vague authorities such as "scientits" or "studies" without providing specifics |
| Appeals to Tradition | Arguer appeals to traditions or length of time something has been in place |
| Celebrity | Arguer appeals to celebrities to make his or her case |
| Appeal to Novelty | Arguer claims that because something is newer, it must be better |
| Appeal to the Masses | Arguer appeals to popularity or "sheer number" |
| Appeal to the Few | (Like the appeal to the masses) but with a small, select population |
| Appeal to Ignorance | Arguer claims that something is true or false simply because no one has proven otherwise |
| Appeal to Force | Arguer threatens a reader or listener |
| False Dilemma/False Dichotomy | Posing a false either/or choice when there are more options than what is presented |
| Straw Man | Arguer misrepresents an opponent's view |
| Slippery Slope | Claiming, without sufficient evidence, that a seemingly harmless action, if taken, will lead to a disasterous outcome |
| Equivocation | Arguer uses a key word in two or more different senses |
| Circular Reasoning | Arguer assumes the conclusion in one or more premises or reiterates one of more premises in his or her conclusion (same thing said over again) |
| Hasty Generalization | Drawing a general conclusion from a sample that is biased or too small |
| False Cause | The claim that because one thing occurred after another thing, it must have resulted because of it |
| Oversimplified Cause | the claim that because one thing appeared to cause another, it is the only factor in that causation, when in actuality, there is more to the story |
| Emotional Appeals | Arguer preys upon the emotions of audience, rather than appealing to reason |
| Fear | Arguer tries to scare audience |
| Vanity | Arguer "butters up" audience by making them feel good with compliments (similar to the appeal to few) |
| Guilt | ARguer attempts to motivate audience by making them feel guilty |
| Poisoning the Well | Arguer undercuts the credibility of an opponent so much that the audience will not believe the opponent ever tells the truth |
| Red Herring | Arguer tries to distract the attention of the audience by raising an irrevelant issue |
Created by:
jenks14
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