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Chest Radiology

B&H - Anatomy

QuestionAnswer
Upper limits of normal cardiothoracic ratio on a PA radiograph? 50%
Upper limits of normal cardiothoracic ratio on an AP radiograph? 57%
A lateral decubitus radiograph view can demonstrate as little as how much fluid or air? 5mL of fluid or 15mL of air
C-shaped trachea cartilaginous rings are completed posteriorly by a flat band of muscle and connective tissue called what? posterior tracheal membrane
Approximate length of the trachea in an adult? 12 cm
Upper limits of normal coronal tracheal diameter in men and women? 2.5 cm in men and 2.1 cm in women
Normal coronal-to-sagittal diameter ratio of the trachea? 0.6:1.0
Narrowing of the coronal diameter of the trachea producing a coronal/sagittal ratio of <0.6 is called what and is seen in what disease? saber sheath trachea, COPD
The right paratracheal stripe should not exceed what width? 4 mm
On lateral view, air in the esophagus makes visible the tracheoesophageal stripe. It should measure less than what? Thickening of this is most commonly seen in what disease? 5 mm, esophageal carcinoma
At what generations do bronchi begin to lose their cartilaginous support? 12-15 generations
When bronchi have lost their cartilaginous support, they are termed what? bronchioles
Bronchioles bearing alveoli on their walls are termed what? respiratory bronchioles
The airway just before the first respiratory bronchiole is termed what? terminal bronchiole
In average, how many generations are found between the trachea and the alveoli? 21-25 generations
On the right, the minor fissure separates what lobes? the middle lobe from the upper lobe
On the right, the major fissure separates what lobes? the lower lobe from the upper lobe superiorly and from the middle lobe inferiorly
Right superior lobar bronchus branches? B1, apical; B2, posterior; B3, anterior
Right middle lobar bronchus branches? B4, lateral; B5, medial
Right inferior lobar bronchus branches? B6, superior (lower lobe); B7, medial basal; B8, anterior basal; B9, lateral basal; B10, anterior basal
Left superior lobar bronchus branches? B1+2, apicoposterior; B3, anterior
Lingular bronchus branches? B4, superior lingular; B5, inferior lingular
Left inferior lobar bronchus branches? B6, superior (lower lobe); B7+8, anteromedial basal; B9, lateral basal; B10, posterior basal
Flattened squamous cells covering 95% of the alveolar surface. Incapable of repair. Type 1 pneumocytes
Produce surfactant, rare in number, capable of mitosis and provide a mechanism for repair of alveolar injury. Type 2 pneumocytes
Prevalence of an azygos fissure? 0.5%
Prevalence of a right minor fissure? 80-90%
Prevalence of a right superior accessory fissure? 3-5%
Prevalence of a right inferior accessory fissure? 10-20%
Prevalence of a left minor fissure? 2%
The right minor fissure is complete in what percentage of individuals? 25%
The right and left major fissures generally fuse posteriorly in what percentage of individuals? 35%
Which major fissure generally begins more superiorly and has a more vertical course? left major fissure
The minor fissure projects at the level of which right rib and is visible on frontal radiographs in what percentage of individuals? 4th right rib, 50%
The inferior accessory fissure, when present, separates what segments? separates the medial basal segment from the remaining basal segments of the lower lobe.
Shitty radiologists misidentify the inferior accessory fissure as what structure (which shouldn't be visible on normal radiographs)? inferior pulmonary ligament
A small triangle of extrapleural fat, seen at its point of insertion on the right medial diaphragm, helps identify this structure. inferior accessory fissure
The superior accessory fissure separates what segments? separates the superior segment of the right lower lobe from the basal segments of the right lower lobe.
What does the left minor fissure separate? separates the lingula from the remaining portions of the upper lobe.
Created by: ztbq48
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