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from which cell is gastrin secreted?
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where are the G cells that secrete gastrin located?
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GI hormones
GI hormones: Hamra 2011. GI Physiologiy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| from which cell is gastrin secreted? | gastrin is secreted by the G cells |
| where are the G cells that secrete gastrin located? | antrum of the stomach, duodenum and jejunum |
| what stimulates the release of gastrin? | GRP (gastrin releasing peptide) and ACh from the vagus |
| what effect does gastrin have? | it causes and increase in H+ secretion in the stomach by directly activating the pareital cells as well as indirectly activating the via eliciting histamine release from ECL cells |
| what receptor does gastrin bind to on ECL cells? what effect does this have? | gastrin binds to the H2 receptor on the ECL cells. this causes the release of histamine, which stims the pareital cells to release more H+ |
| besides gastrin, what else stimulates ECL and Parietal cells? | the vagus stimulates the primary activation of parietal cells (via ACh) and secondary activation via ACh on ECL cells which then releases histamine |
| explain the problem persons with ZE face... | ZE is characterized by gastrin secreting tumors that come from the pancreas that cause ulcers and do not permit the pancreatic enzymes to fxn. the first sign of this would be increased fat in the feces. |
| does gastrin have a trophic effec on parietal and ECL cells? | yes |
| where does secretin come from? | it comes form the duodenum, jejunum and ileum |
| what stimulates the release of secretin? | H+ |
| what will secretin do once it is stimulated? | it will cause the release of Bicarb to neutralize the increased acidity of the GI as well as inhibiting the parietal and G-cells |
| what is secretin's nickname? | nature's antacid |
| where does CCK come from? | it comes form I-cells |
| where are the cells that secrete CCK located? | the I-cells that secrete CCK are located in the duodenum |
| what stimulates CCK's release? | mostly FATS and also proteins. |
| what 4 effects does of CCK have? | enzymes from pancreas, bile from GB, inhibits parietal cells and inhibits gastric emptying |
| does CCK have a trophc effect on the pancreas? | yup |
| CCK and secretin potentiate each other to release? | bicarb |
| does secretin have a trophic effect on the pancreas? | yes |
| what stimulates the secretion of somatostatin? | increased H+ |
| from which cells in somatostating secreted? where are these cells located? | D-cells in the stomach, duodenum and pancreas |
| what effect does somatostatin have? | it inhibits gastrin, histamine from ECL cells and H+ from parietal cells |
| where does IF come from? | intrinsic factor comes from parietal cells |
| where does GIP come from and where are those cells located? | it comes from K-cells in the jejunum |
| what stimulates the release of GIP? | carbs/ fats/ proteins..... GIP = gluton |
| define an enterogastone | a hormone that comes from the intestine to inhibit the stomach |
| what is its primary function? | releases insulin; may also inhibit G-cells from releasing gastrin and parietal cells from releasing H+ |
| what did GIP stand for? what does it stand for now? | then: gastrin inhibitory protein.... now: glucose dependent insulinotrophic peptide |
| where is motilin's site of release? | duodenum and jejunum |
| in what aspect of the GI does it function? | it stimulates gastric and intestinal motility |
| what stimulates its release? | fasting... it is released everu 90 mins |
| what stimulatory effects does VIP have? | it stimulates pancreatic and intestinal secretion |
| what inhibitory effects does VIP have? | it inhibits gastric secretion and causes relaxation of GI smooth muscle |
| what nerve releases GRP? what effect does it have? | Vagus; stimulates release of gastrin from g-cells |
| these two neurocrines decrease motility and and intestinal secretion... | enkephalins and opiates |
| this neurocrin increases blood glucose by stimulating glycogenolysis and glucagon release and inhibiting insulin release | neurotensin |
| which two molecules mentioned here had a paracrine mode of action? what are they're functions? | somatostatin from pancreatic D-cells (inhibits everything!) and histamine from ECL cells (stimulates release of H+ from parietal cell |
| which candidate hormone causes a decrease in bicard and enzyme secretion from the pancreas? what releases it? | pancreatic polypeptide... it is released by protein, fat, and glucose |
| which candidate hormone causes a decreas in gastric secretion and gastric emptying? what releases it? | peptide YY.... it is released by fats |
| which candidate hormone causes increased insulin release? what releases it? | enteroglucagon.... it is released by fats and hexose |
| name an enteroglucagons... | GLP-1... it stimulates the release of insulin and functions in ileal break |
Created by:
cgreco