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Chp: 19
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pharmacology | Study of drugs, including their composition, uses, application, and effects. pg 348 |
| Receptor | Molecular structure located on the surface of the cell that binds with a particular chemical or chemicals. (lock and key) pg 349 |
| Pharmacodynamics | Study of how drugs produce their effects on the desired cells and how a drug is processed by the body. pg 349 |
| Histamine | Chemical released by certain cells-- responsible for the common symptoms of allergic reactions. pg 349 |
| Antihistamines | Combines with and reduces the action of the histamine--resulting in reduction of allergic symptoms. pg 349 |
| Site of Action | Location where a drug will exert its effect. pg 349 |
| Hypothalamus | The bodys temperature regulator pg 350 |
| Mechanism of action | Refers to how a drug works and produces its desirable & undesirable effects. Ex:anesthesia. pg 350 |
| Receptor site | Location where the drug (chemical) binds to the cell. pg 350 |
| Agonist | Type of drug that activates the receptor to produce a predicted action. pg 350 |
| Antagonist | Type of drug that prevents receptor activation. pg 350 |
| Affinity (Agonist 1st main property) | Ability of the agonist to actually bind to the cell receptor structure. pg 351 |
| Efficacy (Agonist other property) | Ability of the drug to impose on the cell and cellular structure and change the way the cell behaves. pg 351 |
| Efficacious | Is when the drug is an agonist and it does what it is designed and intended to do. pg 351 |
| Naloxone (Classic antagonist) | EX: ER-- Binds to the exact sites where the illicit drug attaches; result is a prompt reversal of what would otherwise be a life-threatening situation. pg 351 |
| Target Cell | General term referring to a large number of cells, all of which are similar, on which a particular drug is intended to act. pg 351 |
| Dose | Specific amount of the drug required to achieve a desired effect. pg 352 |
| Ceiling | The point on the graph the represents the maximal response. pg 352 |
| Potency | (In pharmacology)- measurement of the strength of a drug that is required to produce a specific effect on the body. pg 352 |
| ED50 | Measurement of the specific amount of a drug that will achieve 50% of the maximal response. pg 352 |
| Half-life (Written T 1/2) | The time required for plasma serum concentration levels of an absorbed and distributed drug to decrease by one-half. pg 353 |
| Drug-drug interactions | Interaction between two or more drugs administered to a patient, resulting in either an increase or a decrease in the therapeutic effects of one or more of the drugs, or an adverse effect. pg 353 |
| (Postural) Hypotension | Abnormally low blood pressure. pg 354 |
| Metabolites | Any substance produced by the metabolic process. pg 354 |
| Pharmacokinetics | (Simple def)- Study of how the body handles drugs, how drugs are changed from their original form into something that the body can use, and how drugs are eliminated from the body. pg 354-355 |
| Metabolism | Process of transforming drugs in the body; (aka-biotransformation). pg 355 |
| Excretion | Process by which drugs are eliminated from the body. pg 355 |
| Absorption | Process by which a drug is moved from the site of administration into the bloodstream. pg 355 |
| Distribution | The movement of an absorbed drug from the bloodstream into body tissues. pg 356 |
| Passive diffusion (Passive Transport) | Where molecules cross to the outside of the cell membrane into an area with a lower concentration of molecules. pg 356 |
| Facilitated diffusion | A carrier protein permits specific molecules, i.e sugar, to pass thru certain parts of the cells using a process that doesnt require the expenditure of energy. pg 356 |
| Active Transport | Special kind of transportation system between intracellular & extracellular. This process costs the cells energy; it uses the fact that certain substances are permitted to accumulate outside the cells. pg 356 |
| Pinocytosis | Where the cell actually engulfs the substance and permits the substance to enter the cell (Requires a degree of energy expenditure by the cell). pg 357 |
| Gastric emptying | Ability of the stomach to permit the passage of materials from the stomach to the small intestine. pg 357 |
| Bioavailability | The degree to which a drug becomes available to body tissue(s) after administration. pg 357 |
| Physicians Desk Reference | Defines drugs in terms of their chemical structure/Some medical professionals describe a drug in terms of its makeup. I.e lipid-soluble, water soluble, or both. pg 357 |
| Ionized | Positively or negatively charged. pg 358 |
| Ester | Drug Salt. pg 360 |
| Clearance | The time it takes a drug to be eliminated from the body. pg 361 |
| Addiction | Defined as both a psychological and physiological dependency. pg 361 |
| Tolerance | When a person requires (psychologically or physiologically) larger doses of a drug to achieve the same effect. pg 361 |
| Neuroadaptation | Where the brain, over time, learns other ways to function because of the damage done to it by drugs and alcohol. pg 364 |
| Aversion therapy | When taking certain medication to discourage drinking by making patients feel nauseated and flushed and develop sudden stomach cramps, headache, and vomiting when or if they drink alcohol. pg 365 |
| Dependency | State of being dependent. (physiologically) pg 367 |
| Opiate | Drug that has its origin in the opium poppy. pg 368 |
| Opioid | Scientific term used to describe a large number of medications and substances, and medications having properties that interfere with specific receptors in the brain that 'turn off' the pain in the body. Ex: methadone. pg 368 |
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