Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Ovaries
Son 140
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The ovarys are the only abdominal organ not covered by? | Peritoneum |
| During fetal life they are located in the? | Lumbar region near the Kidney |
| What is the ovary location? | Posterior to uterus at level of cornu.Lie medial to external iliac vessels. Anterior to the internal vessels.Mesovarioan location |
| Regions of the ovaries | Cortex and central medulla |
| Outer region or Cortex of the ovary consists of? | Primarily of follicles in various stages of development. |
| Cortex is covered by? | A layer of dense connective tissue, the tunica albuginea ( cover the cell) and a thin layer of cells, the germinal epithelium |
| Central medulla is composed of? | Connective tissue containing blood, nerves, lymphatic vessels and some smooth muscle at the region of the hilum |
| Vascular supply ( dual blood supply) | Arterial and Venous |
| Arterial blood supply | 1. Ovarian artery,which is a branch off the abdominal aorta immediately below the renal arteries. 2. Adnexal branch of uterine artery |
| Venous blood supply | Plexus which lies posterior to the uterus, ovarian veins arise from the venous plexus. Rt vein drains to IVC Lt vein drains to LRV |
| Premenarche Ovary (before menstral cycle) | Mean: 3cm3 Volume Range: 0.2-9.1cm3 |
| Menstruating Ovary | Mean: 9.8cm3 3x2x2cm Volume Range: 2.5-21.9cm3 |
| Postmenopausal Ovary | Mean Volume: 5.8cm3 2x1.5x0.5cm Volume Range: 1.2-14.1cm3 |
| They atrophy due to estrogen decrease | Postmenopausal ovary |
| Ovarian Volume Formula | V=HxWxL/2 or Vcm3=LxWxAP diameter x 0.53 |
| Doppler of ovarian vessels | Resting state:high impedance waveform Benign mass high resistance doppler flow Malignant mass low imedance w/resistive index less than .4 & pulsatility index 1.0 |
| Doppler Formula Resistive | RI=systolic-diastolic/systolic |
| Doppler formula Pulsatility | PI=Systolic-Diastolic/Mean velocity |
| Benign has a | high resistance waveform |
| Malignant has a | low impedance waveform |
| Measurable blood flow to the ovaries varies depending upon? | menstrual cycle |
| PT w/normal menstrual cycles are best scanned in the first? | 10 days of cycle |
| 1st 7days of menstrual flow Best time for measurments,index is? | Highest |
| Signs that are worrisome for malignancy? | Intratumral vessels Low resistance flow Absence of normal diastolic notch in the doppler waveform |
| Color doppler is used to localize flow for | Pulse doppler |
| Pulsed doppler can be used to investigate the | Adnexal branch of uterine artery, ovarian artery, or intratumoral flow |
| Color doppler, some studies suggest Peripheral vascularization appear to be more common in ? | Benign tumors whereas malignant tumors tend to have more centrally located vessles. |
| Peripheral is found around the | Tumor |
| Central Distribution shows | blood flow in the center of tumor |
| Color doppler central distribution of small arteries within an ovarian mass amy be an important factor in | Malignancy |
| Detection of ovarian cancer | 1.Annual rectovaginal pelvic exam 2.CA 125 serum test 3. transvaginal ultrasound |
| Tumor Marker present in | 80% of epithlial cancers |
| Simple cyst criteria for Benign cystic ovarian masses? | Smooth, well-defined borders, no internal echos & posterior enhancment. Measure <5cm & regress |
| Result from hormonal function of ovary, common ovarian enlargment in young women & Hormonal therapy used | Functional Ovarian Cyst |
| Functional Cyst are: | Follicular, Corpus luteum, Corpus luteum of pregnancy & Theca lutein cyst. |
| Result form nonrupture of dominant follicle/failure of atersia. Simple cyst,unilateral,go away on there own | Follicular cyst |
| Result form graafian follicle w/in hr of ovulation. 1-10cm hypo w/irregular thick borders around central anechoic area internal echo Results from intracystic hemorrhage Asymptomatic, unless ruptures | Corpus Luteum cyst |
| Persist after fertilization, 3cm or more. Resolve 16 wks. Doppler reveals prominent diastolic flow Peripheral rim " ring of fire" secreates progestron | Corpus Luteum of pregnancy |
| Largest Functional cyst,result from over stimulation & high level HGC in blood. Regress after HGC removed multilocular,thin walled, bilateral 3-20cm | Theua Lutein cyst |
| Molar pregnancy can cause a | Theca cyst |
| Internal hemorrhage in follicular or corpus cyst. Endovaginal best image acute, hyperechoic & may mimic solid mass. W/time can look complex, clotted blood is echogenic & fluid level | Hemorrhagic Cyst |
| Other Benign ovarian cysts | Epithelial inclusion, Paraovarian, Peritoneal inclusion,Endometrioma |
| Arises from superfical cortex Small up to 10cm, Mostly in postmenopausal women | Epithelial Inclusion cyst |
| Arise broad ligament, 10% adnexal masses Multiple, round or ovoid(NOT surrounded by ovarian tissue) Any age common in 30-40s can't locate point of orgin | Paraovarian |
| Normal ovarian fluid trapped by peritoneal adhesion/scare tissue. Mostly premenopausal,up to 20cm Large ovoid/irregular anechoic cyst pt w/history of PID,trauma,endmetrioses | Peritoneal Inclusion cyst |
| Focal areas of endmetriosis, under 15cm. Cyst walls thick & fibrotic Multiple lesions w/echgenic, fluid filled content, solid, complex, cystic | Endometriosis |
| Endometriosis means | Overgrowth, outside uterus |
| Polycystic ovarian, Ovarian Hyperstimulation, Ovarian Remnant are all | Syndromes |
| Chronic endoocrine disorder associated w/obesity, amenorrhea, anovulation, hirsutism & infertility. Bilateral enlargement of ovary multiple "Cortical Cyst" means (Ring of Pearls) 2-6cm(or 2-5xlarger) can still have kids w/help | Polycystic ovarian syndrome "PCO" |
| Known as STEIN LEVENHAL Syndrome; infrequent periods can't ovulate, low levels of FSH so follice is not being stimulated | PCO Polycystic ovarian syndrome |
| Occurs w/women undergoing ovulation induction. Occurs after FSH is given followed by hGc women w/increased risk: young thin and some w/ploycystic ovaries; will regress w/in 6wks | Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHS) |
| Trying to get ovary to ovulate due to it not working. FSH stimulates follice. Done to harvest the egg for invetro | Ovulation Induction |
| Shows cystic ovarian enlarement(>5cm)& small to moderate amount of pelvic fluid abdominal distenstion, nausea, vomiting | Mild to moderate OHS |
| Shows systic ovarian enlargment w/abdominal distention, pain w/or w/out nausea,vomiting or diarrhea Ascites or pleural effusion can occur | Severe OHS |
| Complication of oophorectomy. Pt w/anatomy distorted by adhesions or endometrosis. Ovary removal is difficult w/distortion & postoperative remnants of tissue become functional & you get a cystic or complex mass | Ovarian Remnants Syndrome |
| Removal of the ovary | Oophorectomy |
| 80% of all ovarian tumors are | Benign |
| Benign ovarian tumors are categorized as? | Germ Cell Tumor Epithelial Tumor Stromal Tumor |
| In adults 95% are benign & consist of mature cycstic teratomas. 2nd largest group of masses. Account for 20% of neoplasms & occur in 1st-6th decades mostly women younger than 2yr | Germ Cell Tumor |
| Mature cystic teratomas "Dermoid cysts" of the ovary ar the most common GERM cell tumor & ovarian neoplasm.Occurs in reproductive yrs. Composed of 3 germ cell layers | Benign Cystic Teratoma |
| What ae the 3 germ layers | Ectoderm, Mesoderm, & Endoderm |
| Pure form is always benign, 15% bilateral, varies form .5-40cm. Composed of fat,hair,teeth "Dermoid" | Benign Cystic Teratoma |
| Sonographically appear w/ bright echos, hyperechoic lines & dots, shadowing, fluid-filled level,cystic, colid or complex | Apperance of a Dermoid |
| 60% measure 5-10 cm You can see the ecogenic portion (top) but not the botton Associated w/teratoma surgical removal in young pt, keep ovary | "Tip of the Iceburg" |
| Benign ovarian Teratoma contaning Throid tissue. treatment is removal. 5% pt w/this develop hyperthyroidism | Struma Ovari |
| On basis of cell type & nature of secretion most common of epithelial tumors are classified as? | Serous, Mucinous,or endmetroid |
| Most epithelial are | Adonoma or adenocarcinoma |
| Benign Epithelial Ovarian Tumors: Arise from ovarian epithelium | Serous cystadenoma,Mucinous cystdenoma, Transitional cell tumor |
| 25% of all benign ovarian tumors 50-70% of all ovarian serous tumors unilocular maybe bilateral Contains thin clear serouses fluid peak incidence 4th & 5th decades | Serous Cystadenoma |
| 20-25% of all benign ovarian tumors 75-85% of all ovarian mucinous tumors Multiloculated cystic tumor, onesided up to 50cm Peak 3rd to 5th decades | Mucinous Cystadenoma |
| More papillary projections,less common, secreates mucinous yellowish Gelly like material. contained w/in tumor | Mucinous |
| Derived form "surface epithelium" 1-2 % of all Primary ovarian tumors, less than 10cm most are 2cm 4th to 8th decades 40-80yr 96 % are primarily unilateral, hypoechic, solid,calcification may be seen | Brenners Tumor "Transitional cell tumor" |
| Benign Stromal Ovarian Tumors: account for approximately 8% of all ovarian tumors | Fibroma, Thecoma, Sertoli-Leydig tumor |
| Ovarian tumor accounts for 4% Seen in middle age size: very small to large Fibroid like tumor, attenuates sound (shadows) Associated w/Meig's Syndrome | Fibroma |
| Condition in which solid benign ovarian tumor is associated w/ascites & pleural effusions | Meig's Syndrome |
| 1% of ovarian tumors 84% in postmenopausal women, can occur in young girls, 5-10 cm can be 30cm unilateralsimilar to fibroma in appearance, shadowing, can become invasive, irrgular period in young girls ESTROGEN PRODUCING TUMOR | Thecoma |
| <0.5% of ovarian tumors all ages common in 25yr olds ANDROGEN PRODUCING UNILATERAL, 5-15cm 20% are malignant Masqulizing tumor: deep voice facial hair. Irrigular period, infertility is a sign of smaller tumors. if taken out will reoccur | Sertoli-Leydig Cell tumor |
| Estrogen tumor, small= benign;large=malignant, 95% in postmenopausal women, 5% pt associated w/endometrial carcinoma average 12cm, 50-55yr old Adenoma slow growing | Granulosa Cell Tumor |
| Ovarian cancer accounts for 4% in women. 4th leading cause of death in women Increased risk w/family history of ovarian or breast cancer high risk if ovulation lasts longer than 40yrs ( early period) | "Malignant Ovarian Tumors" |
| Malignant tumor catergories | Germ Cell, Epithelial, & Metastatic |
| 60% ovarian neoplasms are Germ Cell origin, & 1/3 are malignat | Germ Cell Tumor |
| 1st Germ Cell Tumor, most common malignant childhood & early adult life. 2nd most common observed in pregnancy. 3-5% malignancies, at any age 20-30yrs bilateral in 10-17%. Solid, round or lobulated, varies in cm up to 50cm Histologically same as Seminoma | Dysgerminoma |
| Uncommon malignant tumor 1% of all teratomas of ovary, 1st 2decades of young life, usually large up two 28cm, mostly solid but can have cystic areas Composed of all 3 embyonic layers | Immature Teratoma |
| 2nd most common malignant Germ Cell after Dysgerminoma 20-30 yrs old unilateral 3-30cm, solid w/cystic areas spread fast PT's blood will have serum increased level of ALPHAFETOPROTEIN Comes from embyonic components, can occur in testical 85% cure rat | Yolk Sac Tumor |
| end of Germ cell tumor | |
| Malignant epithelial tumor accounts for 90-95% of ovarianmalignancies | Epithelial Ovarian Tumor |
| Most common primary carcinoma of ovary 40-50%. 45-65 yrs old, bilateral 50% of time. Multilocular,Multiple Papillary projections( can go thru tumor & spread) "SEEDING" & Septations, can have echogenic foci (bright). 1/2 are greater than 15 cm | Serous Cystadenocarcinoma |
| 80% are malignant 20-25% of ovarian carcinomas associated w/ endomertum Bilateral in 28% of cases 50-60yrs old 12-20 cm cystic mass w/papillary projections | Endometroid Carcinoma |
| 5-10 % malignant ovarian tumor 4th to 7th decades, 15-20% bilateral 15-30 cm, appear cystic, multiloculated, papillary projections w/echogenci material fewer papillary projection than serouses | Mucinous Cystadenocarcinoma |
| 50-70 yrs olds, bilateral in 15-20% of cases & up to 30cm. present as complex, predominantly cystic masses associated w/Endometriosis in 50-70 %of cases, 25% come from linningof endometriotic cyst | Clear Cell Tumor |
| Mostly Benign, Maliganant Brenner's tumor larger than benign form. 10-30cm Cystic spaces & areas of hemorrhage & necrosis | Transitional Cell ( BERNNER'S) Tumor |
| Rare, caused by metastasis of mucin producing tumor. Epithelial cells implant on peritoneum & secretes a GELATINOUS material that is not absorbed well. Resembles ascites or multiple clusters of anechoic spaces abdomin can fill up w/ mucin gelly"GELLY B | PSUEDOMYXOMA PERITONEI |
| Primary cancer spread thru different routes, extension involves pelivc organ w/tumor. Peritoneal seeding, tumor cells shed from lesionthru lymphatic system & blood stream. Blocks the lymphatic system causes ascites. Estrogen receptor | Ovarian Metastatic Dieases |
| Bilateral,complex cysts reflecting presence of fluid & mucin within them, solid. common primary cancer that spread to ovary:breast,gastric & intertinal | Ovarian Metastatic Dieases |
| A Ovarian Metastatic Dieases is | Ovarian Lymphoma |
| Ovarian Lymphoma is a | Rare tumor, from the disease lymphoma elsewhere in the body. Burkitt's lymphoma affect the ovary frequently & looks like a solid hypoechoic mass |
| secondary tumor of ovary from GI TRACK, primary cancer ( usually stomach); bilateral Ascites maybe & complex looking | KRUKENBERG TUMOR |
| Treatment of Ovarian cancer | Surgery, Radiation therapy, & chemo. Early detection |
| Talcum powder has been implicated a possible factor for ovarian cancer due to? | Powder travel via genital tract & acts as an irritant promoting cancer growth |
| Has been proven not to be successful or cost effective screening tool. | Ultrasound |
Created by:
yovana2011
Popular Physical Science sets