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ch 6 sedative-hypnot
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why are CNS depressants problematic? | Usually prescribed under physician direction Can cause very alarming and dangerous behavior if not closely monitored unrelated drug groups can cause CNS depression |
| The Effects of CNS Depressants | CNS depressants reduce CNS activity and diminish the brain’s level of awareness |
| Depressant drugs include | Benzodiazepines Barbiturate-like drugs Alcohol Antihistamines Opioid narcotics like heroin |
| Sedatives | cause mild depression and relaxation |
| Anxiolytic | —drugs that relieve anxiety |
| Hypnotics | induce drowsiness and encourage sleep Amnesiac effects can cause the loss of memory |
| Low dose (same drug) | sedatives—relieve anxiety and promote relaxation |
| Higher doses (same drug) | hypnotics—can cause drowsiness and promote sleep |
| Even higher doses (same drug) | anesthetics—can cause anesthesia and are used for patient management during surgery |
| Benzodiazepines: Valium-Type Drugs | Prescribed for anxiety and sleep Relief from anxiety, treatment of neurosis, relaxation of muscles, alleviation of lower-back pain, treatment of convulsive disorders, induction of sleep, relief from withdrawal symptoms, induction of amnesia |
| Mechanisms of action for benzodiazepine | Affect neurons that have receptors for the neurotransmitter GABA GABA—inhibitory transmitter in brain regions Limbic system (alter mood) RAS (cause drowsiness) Motor cortex (relax muscles) |
| benzodiazepines Side effects | Drowsiness to paradoxical effects Tolerance, dependence, withdrawal, and abuse nausea to death, from respiratory or cardiovascular depression |
| Drugs with barbiturate-like properties | Chloral hydrate Glutethimide Methyprylon Methaqualone Antihistamines GHB (gamma hydroxybutyrate) |
| People most likely to abuse CNS depressants include individuals who | Use drugs to relieve continual stress Paradoxically feel euphoria and stimulation from depressants Use depressants to counteract the unpleasant effects of other drugs of abuse Combine depressants with alcohol and/or heroin to potentiate the effects |
| Detoxification | the elimination of a toxic substance, such as a drug, and its effects With CNS depressants, this is achieved by substituting a longer-acting barbiturate for the offending CNS depressant and gradually reducing the dose. |
Created by:
katiegrady34
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