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m&m 9.3
Electric Circuits
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Electric circuit | When electricity is produced by a source of current, does work, and returns to its source. Contains source of current, a conductor, and a load |
| Ampere | Represents the passage of 1 coulomb in one second |
| Amperage | The amount of electron current. A typical lightbulb uses between 1 and 1.5 amperes of current |
| Voltage | Used to measure electrical "pressure" |
| Watt | Used to measure electrical power |
| E = P x T | Energy = Power x Time |
| Voltmeter | Measures voltage |
| Ammeter | Measures amperage |
| Galvanometer | Simplest electric meter. Used for measuring very small electron currents |
| Multitester | Combines the capabilities of several of these simple instruments |
| Resistance | The characteristic of a material that hinders electron flow through it. Good conductors have low resistance, poor conductors have high resistance |
| Ohm | The unit used for measuring resistance |
| Ohmmeter | Device used to measure resistance. Most multitesters include this function |
| Georg Ohm | Discovered relationship between voltage, current, and resistance |
| Ohm's law | States that voltage equals current (in amperes) times resistance (in ohms). |
| Series circuit | Loads are arranged in a series and the electric current flows through each load one after another |
| Parallel circuit | Loads are arranged in separate branches of the circuit and the current is divided among them |
| Overloaded circuit | Occurs when too many appliances and electrical devices are connected to a circuit at one time, forcing the wires of the circuit to carry more current than they can handle |
| Short circuit | The touching wires create a "short cut" for the electrons to flow directly from one wire to the other, avoiding the load |
| Fuses and circuit breakers | Devices that guard against overloads and short circuits |