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Developmental Test
Chapter 7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Importance of Language | -Is language uniquely human? -What would life be like without language? |
| Sounds | -Prefer language from birth -Sensitive to differences in letters -Sensitivity important for distinguishing meaning later |
| Language Aspect | -Receptive language -Nonverbal language |
| Vocabulary | -Around 1st birthday- 1st word -300 words by 24 months -Nouns vs. verbs -Focus on moving objects -Uses words to evoke a response from adult -Fast-mapping |
| Vocabulary Errors | Underextension: One word= one specific object Overextension: One word= too many objects Ambiguous: Words can have different meanings Abstraction: Unable to be more specific in labeling |
| Fast-Mapping | -The ability to gain at least partial meaning from how it is used in a sentence or familiar context -Understand categorical nature of words |
| Combining Words | -Holophrase -One of two words combined with gesture -Telegraphic speech -Short and simple |
| Grammar and Vocabulary | -Complexity and size of vocabulary -Correlated -Questions and negative -Start by using no or not, before don't -Over-regularization -Apply basic rules to irregular words |
| Communal use of words | -Pragmatics -Rules of social language -Changing language according to listener or situation -Following rules for conversation and story telling -Figurative speech -Begin using metaphors |
| Environmental Theories | -Linguistic environment -Children raised in poverty use shorter and less complex sentences -Infant-directed speech -Higher pitch and slower -Deaf Children -Goldin-Meadow |
| Nativist (Biological) | Noam Chomsky -Preprogrammed for language -Language acquisition device(LAD) |
| Biological | Biological impairment -Left hemisphere -Broca aphasia -Wernicke aphasia |
| Constructive | -Innate ability, but environment(child and parent interaction) also important -Creating schemas -Child -Seeks knowledge from parents |
| Cultural | -Children from different cultures show similar developments in language. Differences -Nouns vs. verbs -Cultures put emphasis on different words and parts of a word. This influences what the child may learn first. -Some differences -Nouns vs |
| Media and Language | -Can improve language if educational and geared toward children -Sesame street is better than sponge bob? |
| Do we thing words? | -Lingustic relativity hypothesis -Perceptions and thoughts are shaped by the language we speak -Language does influence thoughts and memories -This is not language shaping thoughts |
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