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goniometry UE
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Shoulder Flexion ROM | 0-180 |
| Shoulder Flexion position | Supine with hips and knees flexed to flatten the lumbar spine. Shoulder in neutral rotation and ABD/ADD. Forearm in neutral rotation (palm faces the body), elbow extended. |
| Shoulder Flexion Axis | Lateral greater tubercle |
| Shoulder Flexion Stationary arm | Mid-axilary line of trunk in line with the greater trochanter |
| Shoulder Flexion Moving Arm | Lateral midlaine of humerus, lateral epicondyle |
| Shoulder Flexion Stabilize | scapula to prevent it from rising and tipping |
| Shoulder Flexion Precautions | Avoid hyperextention of the lumbar spine, Avoid shoulder abduction and elevation of the scapula, maintain elbow extention. |
| Shoulder extension, Hyperextension ROM | 180-0, 0-50 |
| Shoulder extension Position | prone without pillow elbow slightly flexed with forarm pronated (to avoid long head of biceps limiting motion) Alternate position: sidelying |
| Shoulder extension Axis | Lateral greater tubercle |
| Shoulder extension stationary Arm | Mid-axillary line of trunk in line with greater trochanter |
| Shoulder extension Moving arm | mid-axillary line of humerus, lateral epicondyle |
| Shoulder extension stabilize | scapula |
| Shoulder extension precautions | Avoid flexion of the trunk and shoulder abduction keep elbow slightly flexed to prevent stretch of long head of biceps |
| Shoulder Abduction ROM | 0-180 |
| Shoulder Abduction position | Supine with hips and knees flexed, elbow remains extended, slight ER of the shoulder |
| Shoulder Abduction Axis | anterior surface of acromion |
| Shoulder Abduction Stationary arm | anterior lateral parallel to sternum |
| Shoulder Abduction moving arm | anterior midline of humerus |
| Shoulder Abduction stabilize | trunk |
| Shoulder Abduction precautions | Avoid trunk lateral flexion to contralateral side Avoid elevation of the scapula Permit shoulder to laterally rotate to ~90* |
| Shoulder Internal Rotation ROM | 0-70/90 |
| Shoulder Internal Rotation Position | Supine with hips and knees flexed Shoulder abducted and elbow flexed to 90 with forarm perpendicular to floor Forearm in neutral pronation Towel roll under arm to keep level |
| Shoulder Internal Rotation Axis | Olecranon Process |
| Shoulder Internal Rotation Stationary arm | Perpendicular or parallel to floor |
| Shoulder Internal Rotation Moving arm | Ulnar shaft toward the ulnar styloid process |
| Shoulder Internal Rotation Stabilize | Distal end of the humerus and scapula and trunk at end range |
| Shoulder Internal Rotation Precautions | Maintain test position of shoulder and elbow throughout motion Prevent elevation and anterior tipping of scapula Avoid flexion of spine |
| Shoulder External Rotation ROM | 0-90 |
| Shoulder External Rotation Position; Axis;Stationary arm; Moving arm; Stabilize | Same as Shoulder Internal Rotation |
| Shoulder External Rotation Precautions | Maintain test position of shoulder and elbow throughout motion Prevent posterior tipping of scapula Avoid extension of spine |
| Elbow Flexion ROM | 0-145 |
| Elbow Flexion Position | Supine with forearm in anatomical position (supinated) arm is as close to the trunk as possible |
| Elbow Flexion Axis | Lateral epicondyle of humerus |
| Elbow Flexion Stationary arm | Lateral midline of radius in line with the radial styloid process |
| Elbow Flexion Stabilize | Distal end of humerus |
| Elbow Flexion Precautions | Prevent shoulder flexion Forarm should remain in anatomical position (watch for pronation) |
| Elbow Extention/ Hyperextention ROM | 145-0, note any hyperextension |
| Elbow Extention/ Hyperextention position;Axis; Stationary arm; Moving arm; Stabilize; Precautions | Same as Flexion |
| Forearm Pronation ROM | 0-80 from mid-position to full pronation |
| Forearm Pronation Position | Sitting or supine with elbow flexed to 90* and arm held close to the trunk Forearm in midposition (neutral) |
| Forearm Pronation Axis | Lateral to ulnar styloid process |
| Forearm Pronation Stationary arm | Dorsal aspect of wrist, perpendicular to the floor |
| Forearm Pronation moving arm | on the dorsum of the wrist |
| Forearm Pronation stabilize | distal end of the humerus |
| Forearm Pronation precautions | keep elbow close to the side of the trunk Avoid shoulder abduction and medial rotation Avoid contralateral lateral trunk flexion |
| Forearm Supination ROM | 0-80 from mid-position to full supination |
| Forearm Supination position;Axis;statinary arm;moving arm | Same as pronation except goniometer is on the ventral aspect of wrist |
| Forearm Supination stabilize | same as pronation |
| Forearm Supination precautions | Keep elbow close to side of trunk Avoid shoulder lateral rotation Avoid ipsilateral lateral trunk flexion |
| Wrist Flexion ROM | 0-80 |
| Wrist Flexion Position | Sitting with forearm supported on table in pronation, elbow flexed to 90*, wrist in neutral and fingers extended |
| Wrist Flexion Axis | Distal to the styloid process of the ulna, over the triquetrum |
| Wrist Flexion Stationary arm | lateral midline of the ulna in line with the ulnar styloid process and olecranon process |
| Wrist Flexion moving arm | Lateral midline of the 5th metacarpal |
| Wrist Flexion Stabilize | Forearm |
| Wrist Flexion precautions | Be sure fingers stay relaxed during measurement Avoid radial and ulnar deviation of the wrist Use 5th metacarpal, not hypothenar eminence as reference |
| Wrist Extension ROM | 0-70 |
| Wrist Extension position | Same as wrist flexion with finger held loosely in flexion |
| Wrist Extension axis;stationary arm;moving arm;stabilize | Same as flexion |
| Wrist Extension Precautions | Be sure fingers stay relaxed during measurement Avoind radial and ulnar deviation of the wrist |
| Wrist Radial Deviation ROM | 0-25 |
| Wrist Radial Deviation Position | Sitting with shoulder abducted to 90* Elbow flexed Forearm and wrist supported on table Forearm in pronation |
| Wrist Radial Deviation Axis | Capitate |
| Wrist Radial Deviation Stationary arm | Dorsal midline of forearm |
| Wrist Radial Deviation moving arm | Midline of the 3rd metacarpal |
| Wrist Radial Deviation Stabilize | Forearm |
| Wrist Radial Deviation Precautions | Avoid wrist flexion or extention Avoid pronation or supination Do not use 3rd digit as a point of reference |
| Wrist Ulnar Deviation ROM | 0-35 |
| Wrist Ulnar Deviation position; axis; stationary arm; moving arm; stabilize; precautions | Same as radial deviation |
| Metacarpophalangeal (MCP)Flexion/Extension (digits 2-5)ROM | Flexion:0-90 Extension:0-45 Thumb MCP flexion:)-50,MCP Extension:0 |
| Metacarpophalangeal (MCP)Flexion/Extension (digits 2-5) Position | sitting with elbow slightly flexed Forearm and wrist supported in mid-position |
| Metacarpophalangeal (MCP)Flexion/Extension (digits 2-5) Axis | Dorsal surface of MCP joint |
| Metacarpophalangeal (MCP)Flexion/Extension (digits 2-5) Moving arm | Midline of dorsal surface of the proximal phalanx of joint being measured |
| Metacarpophalangeal (MCP)Flexion/Extension (digits 2-5) Stabilize | Metacarpals |
| Metacarpophalangeal (MCP)Flexion/Extension (digits 2-5) Precautions | Maintain wrist in neutral position Avoid MCP abduction/ adduction |
| PIP Flexion ROM | 0-100 |
| PIP Flexion position | sitting with elbow and forearm slightly flexed Forearm and wrist supported in mid-position |
| PIP Flexion axis | dorsal or radial aspect of the PIP joint |
| PIP Flexion stationary arm | dorsal or radial midline of proximal phalanx |
| PIP Flexion moving arm | dorsal or radial midline of middle phalanx |
| PIP Flexion stabilize | proximal phalanx |
| PIP Flexion precautions | maintain wrist in neutral position |
| DIP Flexion ROM | 0-90 with PIP positioned in flexion |
| DIP Flexion position | sittin with elbow slightly flexed forearm and wrist supported in mid-position |
| DIP Flexion axis | Dorsal or radial aspect of the DIP joint |
| DIP Flexion stationary arm | dorsal or radial midline of middle phalanx |
| DIP Flexion moving arm | dorsal or radial midline of distal phalanx |
| DIP Flexion stabilize | middle phalanx of each digit |
| DIP Flexion precastions | maintain wrist in neutral position |
| Metacarpophalageal joint abduction/ adduction ROM | no norms |
| Metacarpophalageal joint abduction/ adduction position | sitting with forearm and hand resting flat on a supportive surface forearm is in full pronation wrist in mid-position of flexion, extension, radial, and ulnar deviation, fingers adducted |
| Metacarpophalageal joint abduction/ adduction axis | dorsal aspect of the MCP joint |
| Metacarpophalageal joint abduction/ adduction stationary arm | dorsal midline of the metacarpal |
| Metacarpophalageal joint abduction/ adduction moving arm | dorsal midline of the proximal phalange |
| Metacarpophalageal joint abduction/ adduction stabilize | metacarpal to prevent wrist motion |
| Metacarpophalageal joint abduction/ adduction precautions | maintian wrist in neutral position |
| Thumb: Carpometacarpal (CMC) joint flexion/ Extension ROM | 0-35, 35-0 |
| Thumb: Carpometacarpal (CMC) joint flexion/ Extension position | sitting with elbow slightly flexed forearm supinated wrist in neutral CMC joint in 0 degrees of abduction MCP slightly flexed |
| Thumb: Carpometacarpal (CMC) joint flexion/ Extension axis | palmer surface of 1st CMC joint |
| Thumb: Carpometacarpal (CMC) joint flexion/ Extension stationary arm | midline of the radius using the radialstyloid process as reference |
| Thumb: Carpometacarpal (CMC) joint flexion/ Extension moving arm | midline of 1st metacarpal |
| Thumb: Carpometacarpal (CMC) joint flexion/ Extension stabilize | carpal bones |
| Thumb: Carpometacarpal (CMC) joint flexion/ Extension Precautions | maintain wrist in neutral prevent thumb opposition |
| Carpometacarpal (CMC) joint Opposition ROM | Thumb pad touches the 5th finger |
| Carpometacarpal (CMC) joint Opposition position | sitting with elbow flexed and forearm supinated |
| Carpometacarpal (CMC) joint Opposition measurement | when motion is limited, measure from tip of thumb to tip of 5gth finger |
| Carpometacarpal (CMC) joint Opposition stabilize | metacarpals and fingers not involved in the motion |
| Carpometacarpal (CMC) joint Opposition precautions | prevent wrist flexion |
| Carpometacarpal (CMC) Abduction ROM | 0-70 |
| Carpometacarpal (CMC) Abduction Position | sitting with elbow flexed forearm in mid-position Thumb positioned over the lateral aspect of the 2nd metacarpal bone |
| Carpometacarpal (CMC) Abduction axis | between 1st and 2nd CMC joint over the lateral aspect of the radial styloid process |
| Carpometacarpal (CMC) Abduction stationary arm | Lateral midline of 2nd metacarpal bone |
| Carpometacarpal (CMC) Abduction moving arm | Lateral midline of 1st metacarpal bone |
| Carpometacarpal (CMC) Abduction Stabilize | Carpal and 2nd metacarpal to prevent wrist motion |
| Carpometacarpal (CMC) Abduction Precaution | Prevent flexion and extension of the thumb Avoid wrist joint motions |
Created by:
ellistoddchristopher
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