Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Learning Psych
Chapter 6 vocab and helpful questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What behaviors are classified as Operant Behaviors: | Behaviors that are influenced by their consequences. |
| What is another name for Operant Conditioning: | Instrumental Conditioning. |
| Who developed the Law Of Effect: | Edwin L. Thorndike |
| what was Thorndike's way of correctly gathering the intellectual ability of animals? | Systematic Investigation |
| What was Thorndike's contraptions called that he put the animals in: | A puzzle box. |
| Define the Law Of Effect: | behaviors leading to a satisfying state of affairs are strengthened or "stamped in," while behaviors leading to an unsatisfying or annoying state of affairs are weakened or "stamped out." |
| What was another name for the Operant Conditioning chamber: | the Skinner box |
| Who developed it: | B. F. Skinner |
| What was Skinner's original belief about how behavior can be analyzed. | He believed that all behavior could be analyzed in terms of reflexes. |
| What were the two categories that Skinner often referred to: | Respondent behavior and Operant behavior. |
| Define Respondent Behavior: | Consists of involuntar, reflexive-type behaviors, that can often be classically conditioned to occur in new situations. |
| Define Operant Behavior: pg 218 | Is a class of emitted responses that result in certain consequences; in turn, affect the future probability or strength of those responses. |
| Define Operant Conditioning: p 217 | type of learning in which the future probability of a behavior is affected by its consequences. |
| What is another word for an Operant response: | Operants |
| what is said about the difference between operant and classically conditioned behaviors: pg 219 | Classically conditioned bxs are said to be ELICITED by STIMULI. Where as in Operant, bxs are EMITTED by the ORGANISM. |
| Does a reinforcer increase or decrease the likelihood of a behavior occurring again: | Increases |
| Does a Punisher increase or decrease the likelihood of a bx occurring again: | Decreases |
| what does the symbol S^R stand for:pg 220 | Reinforcing Stimulus |
| what does the symbol S^P stand for: | Punishing stimulus |
| what does the letter "R" stand for: | Operant response |
| what is the difference btwn Reinforcer/Punisher, and Reinforcement/Punishment: pg220 | Reinforcer/Punisher refer to the specific CONSEQUENCES used to strengthen or weaken a bx. Reinforcement/Punishment refer to the PROCESS or PROCEDURE by which a certain consequence changes. |
| Define Discriminative simulus:pg 223 | is a stimulus in the presence of which responses are reinforced and in the absence of which they are not reinforced. |
| what is the symbol for Discriminative stimulus: pg 223 | S^D |
| what are discriminative stimuli said to do: | "set the occassion" |
| Describe the Three-Term Stimulus For Punishment:pg 224 | Includes the S^D, the operant bx and the S^R/S^P. |
| Define Discriminative stimulus for Punishment: pg 224 | A stimulus that signals a response will be punished. |
| Define Discriminative stimulus for extinction:225 | a stimulus that signals the absence of reinforcement. |
| What is the symbol used for Discriminative stimulus for extinction: 225 | S^ Delta sign(triangle) |
| What is a S^delta able to do?: | Act as a conditioned stimulus also |
| REMEMBER THIS FOR DISCRIMINATIVE STIMULUS: (LOOK ON BACK YA RE-RE. :) | "NOTICE SOMETHING, DO SOMETHING, GET SOMETHING" |
| LOOK AT THE GRAPH ON PAGE 226 | That means now :) |
| Two Subtypes of reinforcement/punishment: 227 | Positive and negative |
| what are the four basic types of contingencies in operant conditioning: 227 | Positive reinforcement/negative reinforcement, positive punisher/negative punisher |
| What does a positive refer to: | ADDing or presenting. |
| Neg refers to: | TAKES SOMETHING AWAY |
| Look at the paragraph in the bottom of page 227 | |
| Positive Reinforcement: | Presentation of a stimulus(one that is usually considered pleasant or rewarding) |
| Negative reinforcement: | the REMOVAl of a stimulus (one that is usually considered unpleasant or aversive) |
| Escape Bx: | results in the termination (stopping) of an aversive stimulus. |
| Avoidance bx: | occurs before the aversive stimulus is presented and therefore prevents its delivery. |
| Positive Punishment: | consists of the presentation of a stimulus (one that is usually considered unpleasant or aversive) following a response, which then leads to a decrease in the future strength of that response. |
| Negative Punishment: 231 | consists of the REMOVAL of a stimulus (one that is usally considered pleasant or rewarding) following a response, which then leads to a DECREASE in the future strength of that response. |
| Primary reinforcer: 235 | an event that is innately reinforcing. |
| Another word for Primary Reinforcer: | Unconditioned Reinforcer |
| Secondary Reinforcer: 236 | and event that is reinforcing because it has been associated with some other reinforer. |
| Another word for Secondary Reinforcement: | Conditioned Reinforcer |
| Generalized Reinforcer: 237 | type of secondary reinforcer that has been associated with several other reinforcers. |
| Another name for Generalized Reinforcer: | Generalized Secondary reinforcer |
| Intrinsic Reinforcement: 238 | reinforcement provided by the mere act of performing the bx. |
| Extrinsic Reinforcement: | the reinforcement provided by some consequence that is external to the behavior. |
| natural Reinforcers:241 | reinforcers that are naturally provided for a certain bx. |
| Contrived reinforcers: | reinforcers that have been deliberately arranged to modify a bx. |
| Difference btwn Natural and Contrived: 242 | Intrinsic: extent to which the bx itself is reinforcing. Extrinsic: extent to which a reinforcer has been artificially imposed so as to manipulate a bx. |
| Shaping: 243 | the gradual creation of new operant bx through reinforcement of successive approx. to that bx. |
Created by:
kimsingleton23
Popular Psychology sets