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Chapter 6-1 Notes
Pages 182-188
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| *Why Do Scientists Classify?* | Bilogists use classification to organize living things into groups so that orgainsms are easier to study |
| CLASSIFICATION | The process of grouping things based on their similarities. |
| How Many? | There are over 1.7 million different kinds of organims on the earth (all forms of life, ex. plants, animals, and bacteria) |
| TAXONOMY | The scientific study of how living things are classified. |
| How is Taxonomy Useful? | Taxonomy is useful because once an organism is classified, a scientist knows a lot about that organism. (ex. you know that crows are classified as birds, you know that crows have wings, feathers, and beaks) |
| More Info | Once an organism is classified, scientists know a lot more about the organism |
| *Early Classification Systems* | First scientist to develop organism classification system: Aristole (Greek) |
| 4th Century B.C. | Aristole recorded each animal’s looks, behavior, and movement. Then he divided animals into 3 groups: ones that fly, ones that swim, and ones that walk/crawl/run |
| The Aftermath | After he divided them into the groups, he used the group of organims' differences to divide them into subgroups that shared other similarities |
| Methods | -Aristoles method is still used today (dividing organisms into groups & subgroups) -Organisms are no longer classified into large groups on the basis of how they move or where they live. |
| *The Classification System of Linnaeus* | 1750s-Swedish scientist,Carolus Linnaeus expanded Aristotle’s ideas of classification |
| Alike & Different | Like Aristotle, Linnaeus used observations as the basis of his system |
| Linnaeus's Information | wrote descriptions of organisms from his observations & placed organisms in groups based on their observable features |
| BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE | The naming system for organisms in which each organism is given a two-part name—a genus name and a species name |
| GENUS | A classification grouping that consists of a number of similar, closely related species |
| Species | The second part of the scienific name is the species; a species name is what sets the organism apart from one another; species name often describes a distinctive feature of an organism, such as where it lives or its color |
| Example ^^ | the scientific name for many pumas, or mountain lions, is Felis concolor. Concolor means “the same color” in Latin. The scientific name for some ocelots is Felis pardalis |
| Example Part 2 | word pardalis means “spotted like a panther” in Latin. The scientific name for house cats is Felis domesticus. The species name domesticus means “of the house” in Latin |
| How Many Per Name | each and every organism on earth has a specific and unique name |
| Simplification | Binomial nomenclature makes it easy for scientists to communicate about an organism because everyone uses the same name for the same organism |
| Example ^^ | people call the tree shown in the photo below by any one of a number of common names: loblolly pine, longstraw pine, or Indian pine. Fortunately, this tree has only one scientific name, Pinus taeda. |
| Latin | Linnaeus used Latin b/c that was the language that scientists used at the time |
| The Details | scientific name is written in italics;genus is capitalized;species name begins with a small letter |
| *Classification Today* | During time of Linnaeus, people thought that species never changed; they saw the similarities but they saw how they were distinct from each other |
| Changes | Evolution changed how biologists thought about classification;today scienitists know that organisms are similar b/c they have a common ancestor |
| When _____ Becomes ______ | When organims have a common ancestor, they also share an evolutionary history |
| Closer Related | Species with similar evolutionary histories are classified more closely together. |
| *Levels of Classification* | The 7 levels of classification go from broadest to most specific: Kingdom Phyla Class Order Family Genus Species |
| Closer and Closer | The more classification levels that an organism share, the more characteristics they have in common |
| *Using the Classification System* | You can use classification systems to determine the identity of an organism |
| TAXONOMIC KEY | A series of paired statements that describe the physical characteristics of different organisms. |
Created by:
Avery R.
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