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IOS 11 Exam 2

Influenza/ avian flu

QuestionAnswer
Influenza is an avian virus from family Orthomyxovirisae
Antigenic shift A totally new HA and sometimes a new NA as well
Antigenic drift Minor changes driven by selective antibody pressure
Rates of mortality due to influenza 5th leading cause of death in those >65 often coinfected with pneumonia
Spead of virus is via respiratory droplets and travels into the pharynx or lower respitory epithelial
Replication of the influenza virus occurs in nasal and tracheobronchial epithelial injury
Symptoms of influenza Sudden onset, nonproductive cough,prominent HA, fatique, chest pain
Vaccine components One strain Type B and two strains Type A
Subtype A contains specific hemagglutin and neuraminidase surface proteins.
Adverse effects of influenza vaccine injection site soreness, febrile reaction, hypersensitivity, Guillain Barre syndrome
Target for the influenza vaccine are Age>65, Adults and children with metabolic diseases (DM, immunocomp) residents of LTC, COPD> 6 months, Children/teens of long term ASA, pregnancy
Prophylaxis of intranasal influenza vaccine Cold adapted attenuated virus when placed on intranasal mucosa-bosy produced antibody
IM Trivalent vaccine contains Type A (2) and Type B (1), two types of preparations Subvirion and purified surface -antigen two weeks for patient to produce antibodies
Treatment of Flu w/in 2 days of symptoms Amantadiene & Rimantadine (M2 inhibitors) Zanamivir and Oseltamiflu (neuraminidase inhibtors)
Amantadine MOA interferes with replication of influenza A through inhibition of viral M2 protein. Renal excretion
Amantadine indications Children & adults prophylaxis and treatment
Timantadine MOA interferes with replication of influenza A through inhibition of viral M2 protein. Hepatic excretion Less SE
Rimantadine indication Adults-Treat & prophylaxis, Children Prophylaxis
Zanamivir MOA Inhaled Drug - Virus neuraminidase cannot be cleaved thus they are not activated. Inhibti both Type A and Type B do not interfere with humoral response.
Zanamivir indication Excellent for pregnancy, >7 Treatment, >5 prophylaxis
Oseltamivir MOA Inhibits neuraminidase which cleaves the viron and activates it. It hibits Type A and Type B and does not intefere with the humoral response
Oseltamivir indication Treatment & prophylaxis > 1year old, ok for COPD patients
Avian influenza strain H5 N1 first detected in 1996 Guangdong, China
Most Avian influenza cases infected Children and young adults
High relationship between Migration and Spread of the H5 N1
Clinical features of avian influenza Incubation 2-8 days, N?V?D, nose bleeding, lower respiratory tract manidestations develop, multiorgan dysfunction often develops
Avian flu treated w/in 2 days with Neuraminidase inhibitors, M2 inhibitors resistant
Prevention of avian flu Avoid poultry in endemic areas, , do not swin in fowl water, avoid butchering
Pandamic requires 3 things New influenza subtype, New subtype infects humans and causes serious disease, new subtype spreads easily and sustainably among humans
H5N1 is ______ transmissible Not highly transmissible
Created by: liza001
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