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Abnormal ch 5
vocab and other questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define what the Fight or Flight Response is: | A set of physical and psychological responses that help us fight a threat or flee from it. |
| What does the liver do during the fight or flight response: | Releases extra sugar to fuel the muscles, and the body's metabolism increases in preparation for expending energy on physical action. |
| What does the Hypothalamus do during the fight or flight response: | Activates the adrenal cortical(CRF) |
| What does the CRF do: | Signals the pituitar gland to secrete adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH), the body's major stress hormone. |
| What is Cortisol: | Down regulates sympathetic nervous system activity after stress, so lower levels may result in prolonged activity of the sympathetic nervous system following stress.. |
| With an anxiety Dx, what typically happens emotionally: | We experience terror and dread, and we often are irritable or restless. |
| With anxiety Dx, what typically happens cognitively: | We are on the lookout for danger, CONSTANTLY. |
| With anxiety Dx, What typically happens behaviorally: | We seek to confront the threat or escape from it. |
| What is known about people with one anxiety Dx: | They are more likely to have more anxiety disorders. |
| What are two severe Anxiety Dxs: | PTSD or Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and Acute Stress Disorder. |
| Who are at a greater risk for anxiety dx, men or women: | Women |
| What 3 types of symptoms are required to be diagnosed with PTSD: | One-Repeated reexperienceing of the traumatic event. Two-Persistent avoidence of stimuli associated with the trauma and emotional numbing. Three-Hyper-vigilance and chronic arousal. |
| How does the onset of PTSD and Acute Stress Disorder differ from that of Adjustment Disorder: | PTSD and Acute Stress Disorder usually occur within 1 month and lasts up to 4 weeks where as Adjustment disorder can occur within a 3 month range. |
| What do the severity of these disorders depend on: | The severity,how long the patient was exposed to the stressor, cultures,age, and proximity to the stressor. |
| What does Adjustment Disorder consist of: | emotional and behavioral symptoms (depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and/or antisocial behaviors) that arise within 3 mths of the experience. |
| What is the difference of severity between PTSD, acute dx and adjustment dx: | Adjustment dx can be of any severity where as PTSD and acute are extreme. |
| How does the DSM-5 describe "Traumatic Event": | Death, serious injury, or sexual assault(or serious threat of experiencing these events) |
| For a diagnosis of PTSD, what does the DSM-5 requrie: | That an individual personally experience the even or witness it happen to others, have a close relative or friend who experienced it, or be repeatedly exposed to aversive details of the event. |
| What are some problems that occur when diagnosing children with PTSD: | They manifest the symptoms pretty differently. |
| How do children show the symptoms of PTSD: | They may express their recollections in their play. May reenact the traumatic event with other children such as by assaultin ganother child just as they were assaulted by an adult. |
| What are the symptoms for children: | irritable or aggressive behavior may be expressed as tantrums, and will require children to show fewer symptoms than adults to meet the criteria. |
| What did they call the PTSD in the two world wars and the Korean war: | "combat fatigue syndrome, war zone stress and shell shock. |
| What is a common precipitatior of PTSD : | Abuse, physical or sexual. |
| What is the difference in recovery btwn victims of PTSD who have a social support system and those who don't: | the ones with a social support system tend to heal faster. |
| How does the different styles of Coping with the stressors have anyting to do with developing PSTD: | People who use self destructive, avoidance or dissociation as coping most likely develop PTSD. |
| Define Nervios: | More chronic anxiety-like symptoms. |
| What broad symptoms sometimes occur with Nervio: | physical ailments, and emotional symptoms as well as the presence of intrusive worries or negative thoughts. |
| Define Egalitarian: | |
| what is the difference of PTSD patients' hippocampus: | a shrinkage. |
| What are some symptoms of cortisol in PTSD patients and people without it: | cortisol levels are lower during resting levels than regular people. |
| What are the psychotherapies for PTSD: | 1)Expose clients to what they fear in order to extinguish that fear. 2) |
| Define panic attacks: | short but intense periods in which she experiences many symptoms of anxiety. |
| Define panic dx: | become a common occurrence, when they are not usually provoked by any particular situation, and when a person begins to worry about having them and changes behaviors as a result of this worry. |
| What is agroaphopia: | "fear of market place", fear places where they might have trouble escaping or getting help if they become anxious or have a panic attack. |
| what is included in the libic system: | amygdala, hypothalamus, and hippocampus. |
| define locus ceruleus: | an area of the brain stem where dysregulation of norepinephrine systems. |
| What do Cognitive theorits argue about people with panic attacks: | 1)pay very close attention to their bodily sensations 2) misinterpret these sensations in a negative way, 3) engage in snowballing catastrophic thinking, exaggerating symptoms adn their consequences. |
| define anxiety sensitivity | the belief that the bodily symptoms have harmful consequences. |
| interoceptive conditioning | process where, bodily cues that have occurred at the beginning of previous panic attacks and have become conditioned stimuli signaling new attacks. |
| define conditioned avoidance response | process where some begin to associate certain situations with symptoms of panic and may begin to feel them again if they return to the situations. by avoiding hese places, they reduce their symptoms, thereby reinforcing their avoidance behavior. |
| What are the biological treatments for Panic Disorder: | The tricyclic antidepressants such as Imipramine.(in most patients)SSRI's, SSRI'S and SNRI's, and benzodiazepines. |
| What are two disadvantages of tricyclic antidepressants: | 1) Possible side effects include blurred vision, dry mouth, difficulty urinating, constipation, weight gain, and sexual dysfunction. 2) Most patients relapse when they discontinue the drugs. |
| EXAMPLE OF SSRI'S; | Pazil, prozac, zoloft. |
| EXAMPLE OF SNRIS'S: | Effexor |
| What do benzodiazepines do: | suppress the central nervous system and influence functioning in the GABA, norepinephrine, and serotonin nerurotransmitter systems. |
| what is the disadvantage of benzodiazepines: | Highly Addictive, when the patients stop taking them, they go through very hard withdrawal. |
| What is another treatment for PTSD and other anxiety dxs: | Cognitive behavioral therapy |
| What occurs in cognitive behavioral therapy: | Clients are forced to face the situations or thoughts that arouse anxiety. |
| What two ways does CBT(see pg 129) help the patients: | Allows irrational thoughts about these situations to be challenged and changed, and it helps anzious behaviors be extinguished. |
| What is one miserable thing the therapist does for the patient during CBT: | Makes them have an anxiety attack on purpose. |
| What is a big part of CBT: | `Systematic Desensitization |
| Id three out of five components of CBT: | 1) Clients are taught relaxation and breathing exercises. 2) ther therapist may try to induce symtoms during sessions on purpose. 3) Clients practice relaxation and breathing exercises while experiencing panic symptoms in the session. |
| Id the other two components of CBT: | 4)the therapist challenges client's catastrophizing thoughts about their bodily sensations and teaches them to challege these thoughts. 5) the therapist uses systematic desensitization therapy. |
| What are the four categories that Specific phobias fall into: | animal type, natural environment type, situational type, and blood-injury type. |
| Define Animal type phobias: | focus on specific animals or insects, such as dogs, cats, snakes, or spiders. |
| Define Natural environment type phobias: | focus on events or situations in the natural environment, such as storms, heights, or water. |
| Define Situational type phobias | usually involve fear of public transportation, tunnels, bridges, elevators, fllying, or driving. |
| Define Blood-Injury type phobias | diagnosed in people who fear seeing blood or an injury. |
| Define Social Phobia | fear being judged or embarrassing themselves in front of others. |
| What is Social phobia called in the DSM-5. | SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER |
| What was freud's opinion of Phobias: | phobias result when unconscious anziety is displaced onto a neutral or symbolic object. That is, people become phobic of objects not because they have any real fear of the objects but because they have displaced their anxiety over other issues onto them. |
| What does Mowrer's Two-Factor Theory explain: Hint: phobias | classical conditioning leads to the fear of hte phobic object, and operant conditioning helps maintain it. |
| Define Negative reinforcement: | an operant conditioning process where the avoidance of the feared object is reinforced by the reduction of their anziety. |
| Define Prepared Classical Conditioning: | Theory where we carry the vestiges of our evolutionary history and are biologically prepared to learn certain associations quickly. |
| what is the behavioral treatment for phobias: | exposure to extinguish the persons fear of the object or situations. |
| what are the three basic components of behavior therapy for phobias: | systematic desensitization, modeling, and flooding. |
| Define Negative reinforcement: | an operant conditioning process where the avoidance of the feared object is reinforced by the reduction of their anziety. |
| Define Prepared Classical Conditioning: | Theory where we carry the vestiges of our evolutionary history and are biologically prepared to learn certain associations quickly. |
| what is the behavioral treatment for phobias: | exposure to extinguish the persons fear of the object or situations. |
| what are the three basic components of behavior therapy for phobias: | systematic desensitization, modeling, and flooding. |
| Define Negative reinforcement: | an operant conditioning process where the avoidance of the feared object is reinforced by the reduction of their anziety. |
| Define Prepared Classical Conditioning: | Theory where we carry the vestiges of our evolutionary history and are biologically prepared to learn certain associations quickly. |
| what is the behavioral treatment for phobias: | exposure to extinguish the persons fear of the object or situations. |
| what are the three basic components of behavior therapy for phobias: | systematic desensitization, modeling, and flooding. |
| Define Applied Tension Technique: | Type of treatment for Blood injection therapy that teaches the patient to tense their muscles so that their blood level is still normal and they wont faint. |
| Define Modeling: | Techniques used in many treatments where the therapist "Models" the bx. |
| What is Flooding: | Another treatment for phobias where clients are exposed to their feared object until anxiety until it is extinguished. |
| What are the biological treatments for anxiety disorders: | Drugs such as benzodiazepines or valium, antidepressants-particularly the monoamineoxidase inhibitors adn the ssri's. |
| Define Generalized Anxiety Dx: GAD | These patients worry about everything. table 5.7 |
| What theory of GAD dominates above the others: | Cognitive theory |
| What is a favorable drug used in the treatment of GAD: | benzodiazepines. |
| which one is preferred, benzodiazepines or CBT in the treatment of GAD: | CBT |
| Define Obsessions: | thoughts, images, ideas, or impulses that are persistent, that uncontrollably intrude on consciousness, and cause significant anxiety or distress. |
| What is OCD: | Obsessive-Compulsive Dx-classified as an anxiety dx because people experience anziety as a result of |
| Symptoms of OCD: | include aggressive impulses, sexual thoughts, impulses to do something against one's moral code,and repeated doubts. |
| Describe the biological theories of OCD: | a circuit in the brain involved in executing primitive patterns of bx, such as aggression,sexuality, and bodily excretion. Impulses are then carried to a part of the basal ganglia called the Caudate Nucleus. Then to the thalamus. |
| Describe cognitive behavioral theories of OCD: | the inability to turn off the negative, intrusive thoughts. They develop it because, one they are depressed, two, they are generally anxious all the time, third the have a rigid, moralistic thinking. |
| Describe some biological treatments: | Found that Clomipramine helped to increase the serotonin levels in the patients. Then the SSRIs came out with Fluoxetine(Prozac), Paroxetine(Pazil), Sertraline(Zoloft) and Fluvoxamine(Luvox). |
| Describe Some Behavioral Treatments: | Exposure and Response. |
Created by:
kimsingleton23
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