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vasodilators
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| arterial dilation | reduce vascular resistance, decrease afterload |
| venus dilation | decrease preload, decrease EDV |
| effect of afterload on cardiac workload | increase afterload, increase cardiac output |
| factors affecting resistance to flow (3) | radius, length, fluid viscosity |
| Hypertension Tx | arterial dilators >_140/90mmHg, decrease CO and decrease TPR=decrease MAP |
| Heart Failure Tx | venous dilators + arterial dilators: decrease afterload + preload to increase CO and decrease stress on walls |
| Angina Tx | venous dilators: decreases O2 consumption |
| angina (decreased coronary blood flow) can be caused by | vasospasm, fixed stenosis, thrombus |
| angina (increase O2 consumption) can be caused by | increased HR, contract, afterload, preload |
| arteriolar dilators (3) | CCB, minoxidil, hydralazine |
| mixed vasodilators (6) | nitroprusside, nesiritide, a-adrenergic B, a2 central agonists, ACEI, ARBS |
| venodilators (1) | nitrates |
| nitric oxide mechanism | increase cGMP activates MLC phosphatase to dephosphorylate and cause relaxation |
| nitrates MOA | NO source. increase cGMP, vasodilation |
| nitrate Ixx | PDE5I (Viagra-sildenafil, Cialis, Levitra) |
| nitroprusside Inx | rapid decrease BP. hypertension in surgury |
| nesiritide + Inx | hBNP, CHF |
| NE effect | vasoconstriction |
| a1 adrenergic antag (4 ex) | doxazosin, alfuzosin, prazosin, terazosin |
| nonselective a adrenergic blocker (2 ex) | phenpxybenzamine, imidazoline (ohentolamine, tolazoline) |
| ACEI effects | decrease AngII, increase BK-increase PG (vasodilatory), decrease AngII but increases Ang (1-7) |
| ACEI Inx | HT but not HT due to aldosteronism, MI, renal diseases |
| ACEI SE | hyperK, proteinurea, hepatotox, fetopathic |
| ARBS SE | AngII type 1 receptor blocker: teratogenic, hyperK in renal disease/K supplements/K sparing diuretics |
| ARB Inx | HT, HF, MI, renoprotective in diabetes |
| CCB | arteriolar vasodilator. decrease coronary vascular resistance, increase coronary blood flow |
| CCB (non-dihydropyridine) (2) | verapamil, diltiazem |
| CCB CI | dont use nifedipine in angina and ischemia. verapamil IV CI with B blockers |
| Hydralazine | arteriolar vasodilator. NO postural hypotension |
| hydralazine Inx | severe HT in combo with nitrate for pt who cant tolerate ACEI/ARB |
| K+ channel openner (ie 1) | Minoxidil arterial dilator |
| Minoxidil Inx | severe HT |
| Minoxidil SE | salt + h2O retention, increase HR, myocardial contract, and O2 consumption, hypertrichosis |
| Minoxidil admin rule | MUST admin with diuretic and B blocker |
Created by:
cnlin
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