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Ch.4 Learning Psych.
Mostly Vocab.
| Questions: | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define Acquisition: | The process of developing and strengthening a CR through repeated pairing of NS with an US. |
| Give an example of acquisition: | Pairing the tone(NS) with the food(US) so that in the end the NS become a CS which elicit the CR (FOOD). |
| Define Asymptote: | The MAXIMUM amount of conditioning that can take place in a particular situation. |
| Define Extinction: | The process by which a CR can be weakened or eliminated when the CS is repeatedly presented in the absence of the US. |
| Give an example of Extinction: | The tone(CS) is repeatedly presented without the food(US) therefore eliminating the salvation response(CR) when just the tone is played. |
| Spontaneous Recovery: | The reappearance of a CR following a rest period AFTER extinction. |
| Give an example of Spontaneous Recovery: | The next day after a rest period, the tone("NS") is played and it elicit salvation. |
| Define Disinhibition: | The sudden recovery of a response DURING an extinction procedure when a novel stimulus is introduced. |
| Give an example of Disinhibition: | If the association between the CS(TONE) and the CR(SALVATION) is being eliminated then during the procedure, a new or novel stimulus such as a door closing is given, the old CR is elicited. |
| Define Stimulus Generalization: | The tendency for a CR to occur in the presence of a stimulus that is similar to the CS. |
| Give an example of Stimulus Generalization: | The dog centralizing the tone with a similar but lower tone. |
| Semantic Generalization: | The generalization of a CR to verbal stimuli that are similar in MEANING to the CS. |
| Give an example of Semantic Generalization: | If humans were exposed to a conditioning procedure un which the sight of the word car is paired with shock other words like automobile will elicit the same response. |
| Stimulus Discrimination: | The tendency for a response to be elicited more by one stimulus than another. |
| Give an example of Stimulus Discrimination: | The dog can tell the difference between the two tones pressnted,One of which is the CR. |
| Define Experimental neurosis: | Experimentally produced disorder in which animals exposed to unpredictable events develop neurotic likr symptoms. |
| Give an example of Experimental neurosis: | Giving a animal two tones to differentiate between and it confusing the dog to the point that all they can do is bark and whine. |
| Describe Eysenck's Theory: | The distinction between introversion and extroversion. In very general terms, introverts are individuals who are highly reactive to external stimulation condition easily. Extroverts, are less reactive. |
| Define Higher Order Conditioning: | A stimulus that is associated with a CS can also become a CS. |
| Give an example of Higher Order Conditioning: | A trash bin being able to elicit fear in association with bees and their stings. |
| Which elicits the weaker response, CS1 or CS2? | CS2 |
| What does CER stand for? | Conditioned Emotional Response |
| What number of higher order conditioning does the book go to? Could there be more? | 3, First-order conditioning, 2nd-Order Conditioning, and 3rd-Order Conditioning. |
| Define Sensory Preconditioning: | When on stimulus is conditioned as a CS, another stimulus it was previously associated with can also become a CS. |
| Give an example of Sensory Preconditioning: | Associating a toolshed with wasps and then acquiring a fear of wasps as a result of being stung, you might also feel anxious when walking near the toolshed. |
| Define Latent Inhibition: | Neutral stimuli that are familiear are most difficult to condition as CS's than are unfamiliar stimuli. |
| Define Compound Stimulus: | consists of the simultaneous presentation of two or more individual stimuli. |
| Overshadowing: | the most salient member of a compound stimulus is more readily conditioned as a CS and thereby interferes with conditioning of the least salient member. |
| Blocking: | The presence of an established CS interferes with conditioning of a new CS. *Compound consists of ONE neutral stimulus and a CS. |
| Temporal Conditioning: | a form of classical conditioning in which the CS is the passage of time. |
| Occasion Setting: | a procedure in which a stimulus signals that a CS is likely to be followed by the US with which it is associated. |
| External Inhibition: | the presentation of a novel stimulus at the same time as conditioned stimulus produces a decrease in the strength of the conditioning response. |
| US Revaluation: | involves the postconditioning presentation of the US at a different level of intensity, thereby altering the strength of response to the previously conditioned CS. |
| Pseudoconditioning: | an elicited response that appears to be a CR is actually the result of sensitization rather than conditioning. |
| Give an example of Pseudoconditioning: | Conditioning a leg withdrawal reflex, in a dog by presenting a light flash followed by a slight shock to its foot. Pg 158 |
| Ex. of US Revaluation: | Pg. 157 |
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kimsingleton23
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