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Pharm Pain

QuestionAnswer
nociception the process by which information about tissue damage is conveyed to the CNS
four processes in nociception transduction, transmission, perception, modulation--CNS functioning properly
transduction the process of converting a stimulus into a pain impulse--NSAIDS and local anesthetics
transmission taken to the brain from the nerve impulses via neurotransmittors--opioids, GABA analogs
perception how we perceive it--general anesthetics
modulation attenuation of the pain sensation--Opioids, SSRI's, TCA's, gabapentin
neuropathic pain CNS not functioning properly--poorly responsive to opioids and NSAIDS
Non-opioid acetominophen, NSAIDS
quasi-opioid ultram/tramadol--SE--drowsiness, GI, diaphoresis
opioids synthetic--opiates, natural--MOA--bind to receptors in CNS, inhibit transmission from periphery to spinal cord, activating inhibitory pathways, alters limbic system pathways
opioids for cough supression dextromethorphan, codeine, and hydrocodone--caution < 6yo
opioids for diarrhea loperamide (immodium)OTC and diphenoxylate (lomotil) Rx only
opioid systemic effects CNS, Cardiovascular, Gastrointestinal, renal, genitourinary
opioid SE euphoria, sedation, respiratory depression, miosis, nausea and vomiting, consipation, pruritis
phenanthrenes strong--morphine, heroin--moderate--oxycodone, codeine, hydro--agonist/antagonist--nalbuphine, buprenorphine
phenylheptylamines strong--methadone--weak--propoxyphene (darvocet, darvon)
phenylpiperidines strong--fentanyl (most potent)(combined with benzo's for procedural sedation), meperidine( demerol)--weak--diphenoxylate, loperamide
morphine-sulfate schedule II--standard of comparison
opioid antagonists naloxone, naltrexone, nalmefene
Created by: larschen
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