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GI Definitions
Definitions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Fistula | An abnormal passage that leads from an abscess or hollow organ (or body surface) to another hollow organ, that may be created to permit passage of fluids, or secretions. |
| Sinus Tract | A course or pathway which can extend in any direction from the wound base; results in dead space with potential for abscess formation |
| Ascites | Abnormal collection of serous fluid in peritoneal cavity. |
| Esophagoscope | An optional instrument for examing the inside of the esophagus. |
| Viscosity | Resistance of liquid to shear force. |
| Peritoneum | Membrane in the abdominal cavity that ines most viscera. |
| Omentum | A fold of peritoneum that supports the transverse colon to the greater curvature of the stomach. |
| Volvulus | Twisting of a loop of intestine, creating an obstruction. |
| Bolus | A concentrated mass of pharmaceutical prep (contrast). |
| Hiatal Hernia | Portion of the stomach (or distal esophagus) herniates through the diaphragmatic opening. |
| Valsalva Maneuver | Patient takes a deep breath in; while holding their breath, patient is asked to bear down as if moving their bowels. |
| Esophageal Varices | Dilation of the veins in the distal esophagus. Veins become engorged with blood & may bleed. Seen in liver disease, cirrhosis. |
| Anastomosis | A natural, or surgical joining of parts, or tubular structures, so as to make them continuous. |
| Gastro-Enterostomy | Surgical creation of connection between the stomach & jejunum |
| Colostomy | A surgical opening from the colon to the surface of the body |
| Ileostomy | A surgical opening from the ileum to the surface of the body. |
| Melena | Abnormally dark, tarry feces containing blood. |
| Defecation | Elimination of fecal waste through the anus |
| Anorexia | an eating disorder, by starving oneself |
| Hematemesis | Vomiting blood |
| Diverticulitis | Inflammation of diverticula in the GI tract. The diverticula are pouch-like herniations of the mucosal wall. |
| Diverticulosis | Presence of multiple diverticula in walls of the colon. |
| Colitis | Inflammation of the colon |
| Peritonitis | Inflammation of the peritoneum |
| Intussusception | Telescoping of a section of bowel into another loop, creating an obstruction |
| Megacolon | An abnormal enlargement of the colon |
| Bezoar | A mass of undigested material found trapped in the GI system (generally the stomach. |
| Tracheoesophageal Atresia (TEA) | Failure of the esophagus to form a continuous passage from the pharynx to the larynx. |
| Imperforate Anus | A congenital defect of the anus; a partial or complete obstruction of the anal opening |
| Hirschsprung's Disease | A congenital condition in which the colon does not have the normal network of nerves; there is little urge to defecate, so feces accumulate & cause megacolon. |
| Meconium | Thick dark green mucoid material that is the 1st feces of a newborn. |
| Situs Inversus | A congenital condition in which major visceral organs are reversed from normal positions (right to left). |
| Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis | Enlargement of muscle surrounding the opening of the pyloric sphincter, with narrowing of the opening from the stomach to the small intestine. |
| Intestinal Atresia | Narrowing, or absence of a portion of the small, or large intestine. |
Created by:
jamestkelley
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