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Ms. R. Phase Changes
Phase Change/KMM
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| latent heat | "hidden" heat; heat energy released or absorbed by matter during a phase change (which occurs without a change in temperature) |
| heat of fusion (endothermic) | The amount of heat energy that must be absorbed in order to convert a solid at its melting point into a liquid without an increase in temperature. |
| heat of fusion (exothermic) | The amount of heat energy that must be released in order to convert a liquid at its freezing point into a solid without a decrease in temperature. |
| heat of vaporization (endothermic) | The amount of heat energy that must be absorbed in order to convert a liquid at its vaporization point into a vapor/gas without an increase in temperature. |
| heat of vaporization (exothermic) | The amount of heat energy that must be released in order to convert a vapor/gas at its condensation point into a liquid without a decrease in temperature. |
| vapor | matter in the gas phase |
| melting point | the certain/definite temperature at which a solid converts/changes to a liquid |
| freezing point | the certain/definite temperature at which a liquid converts/changes to a solid |
| condensation point | the certain/definite temperature at which a vapor (gas) converts/changes to a liquid |
| vaporization point | the certain/definite temperature at which a liquid converts/changes to a vapor (gas); a/k/a: boiling point |
| boiling | vaporization throughout the entire volume of a liquid (versus evaporation, which is vaporization only at the surface of the liquid) |
| kinetic energy | the energy of motion; measured as temperature (average KE) |
| potential energy | "stored" energy (existing in the intermolecular forces of matter) |
| intermolecular forces | forces among molecules of matter that tend to "hold" molecules together |
| What can be observed when the KE of matter is either increased or decreased? | A change of temperature can be observed. |
| What can be observed when the PE of matter is either increased or decreased? | A change of phase can be observed. |
| exothermic process | physical or chemical process in which heat energy is released |
| endothermic process | physical or chemical process in which heat energy is absorbed |
| phase change | changes of physical state of matter by adding (absorbing) or decreasing (releasing) heat energy. |
| vaporization | change of phase: liquid to gas; a/k/a boiling |
| deposition | change of phase: gas directly to a solid (without going through the liquid phase) |
| melting | change of phase: solid to liquid |
| freezing | change of phase: liquid to solid; a/k/a crystallization |
| evaporation | change of phase: liquid to gas; occurs below the boiling/vaporization point of a liquid; takes place at the surface of the liquid |
| condensation | change of phase: gas to liquid |
| sublimation | change of phase: solid directly to a gas without going through the liquid phase |
| physical process | a series of steps that produces a change in matter without changing the type of matter or identity of matter; phase change is a physical process (water is water is water regardless of its phase). |
| chemical process | a series of steps that produces a change in the type of matter or the identity of matter (that is, a new arrangement of matter is produced; a/k/a a chemical reaction). Example: Hydrogen + Oxygen = Dihydrogen Monoxide or Water! |
| mass | a measure of the amount of matter |
| volume | a measure of the 3D space occupied by a sample of matter |
| force | a push or pull; its unit is the Newton |
| density | a measure of the amount of matter in a 3D space (mass/volume) |
| temperature | the average kinetic energy of the molecules and atoms in a sample of matter |
| heat | a transfer or flow of energy whenever there is a temperature difference between two samples of matter |
| conduction | a transfer of heat energy from a sample of matter with the higher temperature to a sample of matter with the lower temperature |
| pressure | a measure of force exerted over a certain area (force/area) |
Created by:
ljrothstein
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