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Chapter 5
Social Structure and Society
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Social Structure | The underlying pattern of relationships in a group. |
| Status | A position somebody occupies within a social structure. |
| Ascribed Status | A position that is neither earned nor chosen but assigned. |
| Achieved Status | A position that is earned or chosen. |
| Status Set | All of the statuses that a person occupies at any particular time. |
| Master Status | A position that strongly affects most other aspects of a person's life. |
| Role | An expected behavior associated with a particular status. |
| Right | A behavior that individuals can expect from others. |
| Obligation | A behavior that individuals are expected to perform toward others. |
| Role Performance | The actual behavior of an individual in a role. |
| Social Interaction | The process of influencing each other as people relate. |
| Role Conflict | Condition in which the performance of the role in one status interferes with the performance of a role in another status. |
| Role Strain | Condition in which the roles of a single status are inconsistent or conflicting. |
| Society | People living within defined territorial borders and sharing a common culture. |
| Hunting and Gathering Society | A society that survives by hunting animals and gathering edible plants. |
| Horticultural Society | A society that survives primarily through the growing of plants. |
| Pastoral Society | A society in which food is obtained primarily by raising and taking care of animals. |
| Agricultural Society | A society that uses plows and draft animals in growing food. |
| Industrial Society | A society that depends on science and technology to produce its basic goods and services. |
| Mechanization | The process of replacing animal and human power with machine power. |
| Urbanization | The shifting of population from farms and villages to large citys. |
| Gemeinschaft | Preindustrial society based on tradition, kinship, and close social tles. |
| Gesellschaft | Industrial society characterized by weak family tles, competition, and impersonal social relationships. |
| Social Solidarity | The degree to which a society is unified. |
| Mechanical Solidarity | A type of social unity achieved by people doing the same type of work and holding similar values. |
| Organic Solidarity | A type of social unity in which members' interdependance is based on specialized functions and statuses. |
| Postindustrial Society | A society in which the economic emphasis is on providing services and information. |
Created by:
lockwoodk
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