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chapter 10

vocab

QuestionAnswer
ACETYLCHOLINE neurotransmeitter chemical released at the ends of nerve cells.
AFFERENT NERVE carries messages toward the brain and spinal cord **** af- meaning toward/ -ferent meaning carry
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM nerves that control involuntary functions of muscles, glands,and internal organs
BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER blood vessels (capillaries) that selectively let certain substances enter the brain tissue and keep other substances out
BRAINSTEM lower portion of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord. ***includes the pons & medulla oblongata.
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM----CNS brain and spinal cord
CEREBELLUM posterior part of the brain that coordinates muscle movements and maintains balance
CEREBRAL CORTEX outer region of the cerebrum, containing sheets of nerve cells;; gray matter of the brain
CEREBROSPINAL FLUID------CSF circulates throughout the brain and the spinal cord
CEREBRUM largest part of the brain;; responsible for voluntary muscular activity, vision, speech, taste, hearing, thought, and memory
CRANIAL NERVE twelve pairs of nerves that carry messages to and from the brain with regard to the head and neck (except the vagus nerve)
DURA MATER thick, outermost later of the meninges surrounding and protecting the brain and spinal cord. ***latin for "hard mother"
EFFERENT NERVE carries messages AWAY from the brain and spinal cord ;; motor nerve
HYPOTHALAMUS portion of the brain beneath the thalamus ;; controls sleep, appetite, body temp., and secretions from the pituitary gland
MEDULLA OBLONGATA part of the brain just above the spinal cord ;; controls breathing, heartbeat, and the size of blood vessels.;;;nerve fibers cross over here
MENINGES three protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord
MOTOR NERVE carries messages away fron the brain and spinal cord to muscles and organs;; efferent nerve
MYELIN SHEATH covering of white fatty tissue that surrounds and insulates the axon of a neve cell. myelin speeds impulse conduction along axons
NEUROTRANSMITTER chemical messenger released at the end of a nerve cell. it stimulates or inhibits another cell, which can be a nerve cell, muscle cell,or gland cell. ****ie, acetylcholine norepinephrine,dopamine, serotonin
PARASYMPATHETIC NERVES involuntary, autonomic nerves that regulate normal body functions such as heart rate, breathing, and muscles of the gastrointestinal tract.
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM nerves outside the brain and spinal cord ;; spinal & autonomic nerves
PONS part of the brain anterior to the cerebellum and between the medulla and the rest of the midbrain (latin-bridge) it is a bridge connecting various parts of the brain
RECEPTOR organ that receives a nervous stimulus and passes it on to afferent nerves.*** skin, ears, eyes,and taste buds
SCIATIC NERVE nerve extending from the base of the spine down the thigh, lower leg, and foor. ****sciatica if pain or infalmmation along the course of the nerve
SENSORY NERVE carries messages toward the brain and spinal cord from a receptor ;; afferent nerve
SPINAL NERVES 31 pairs of nerves arising form the spinala cord
SYMPATHETIC NERVES autonomic nerves that influence bodily functions involuntarily in times of stress
SYNAPSE space thru which a nervous impulse travels between nerve cells or between nerve and muscld or glandular cells. (greek-- synapsis, point of contact)
THALAMUS main relay ctr of the brain (latin--room)
VAGUS NERVE tenth cranial nerve (cranial nerve X) (latin--wandering) its branches to the larynx,trachea, bronchi,lungs,aorta,esophagus,&stomach. unlike the other cranial nerves,, the vegus leaves the head and "wanders" into the abdominal & thoracic cavities
VENTRICLES OF THE BRAIN canals in the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid
Created by: fligrlie
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