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Ch 5 RS

Respiratory System

Question	Answer
adenoid/o	adenoids
alveol/o	alveolus
atel/o	imperfect, incomplete
bronchi/o	bronchus
bronch/o	bronchus
capn/o	carbon dioxide
diaphragmat/o	diaphragm
epiglott/o	epiglottis
hemat/o	blood
hem/o	blood
laryng/o	larynx
lob/o	lobe
muc/o	mucus
nas/o	nose
orth/o	straight
ox/i	oxygen
ox/o	oxygen
pharyng/o	pharynx
phon/o	sound, voice
phren/o	diaphragm
pleur/o	pleura
pneum/o	lung, air
pneumat/o	lung, air
pneumon/o	lung, air
pulmon/o	lung
py/o	pus
rhin/o	nose
sept/o	septum (wall off, fence)
sinus/o	sinus
somn/o	sleep
spir/o	breathe, breathing
thorac/o	thorax (chest)
tonsill/o	tonsil (combining form ahs two ls.)
trache/o	trachea
a-	without or absence of
an-	without or absence of (used when the word root begins with a vowel.)
endo-	within (the prefix intra-, also means within.)
eu-	normal, good
pan-	all, total
poly-	many, much
tachy-	fast, rapid
algia	pain
ar	pertaining to
ary	pertaining to
cele	hernia or protrusion
centesis	surgical puncture to aspirate fluid (with a sterile needle)
eal	pertaining to
ectasis	stretching out, dilation, expansion
emia	blood condition
graphy	process of recording, radiographic imaging
meter	insturment used to measure
metry	measurement
pexy	surgical fixation, suspension
pnea	breathing
rrhagia	rapid flow of blood
scope	insturment used for visual examination
scopic	pertaining to visual examination
scopy	visual examination
spasm	sudden, involuntary muscle contraction (spasmodic contraction)
stenosis	constriction or narrowing
stomy	creation of an artificial opening
thorax	chest
tomy	cut into or incision
nose	lined with mucous membrand and fine hairs. It acts as a filter to moisten and warm the entering air.
nasal septum	partition separating the right and left nasal cavities
paranasal sinuses	air cavities within the cranial bones that open into the nasal cavities
pharynx	serves as a food and air passageway. Air entering from the nasal cavities and passes through the pharynx to the larynx. Food enters the pharynx from the mouth and passes into the esophagus (also called the throat).
adenoids	lymphoid tissue located behind the nasal cavity
tonsils	lymphoid tissue located behind the mouth
larynx	location of the vocal cords. Air enters from the pharynx (also called the voice box).
epiglottis	flap of cartilage that automatically covers the opening of and keeps food from entering the larynx during swallowing
trachea	passageway for air to the bronchi (also called the windpipe)
bronchus (pl. bronchi)	one of two branches from the trachea that conducts air into the lungs, where it divides and subdivides. The branchings resemble a tree; therefore, they are referred to as a bronchial tree
bronchioles	smallest subdivision of the bronchial tree
respiration	breathing, or ventilation
alveolus (pl. alveoli)	air sacs at the end of the bronchioles. Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged through the alveolar walls and the capillaries.
lungs	two spongelike organs in the thoracic cavity. The right lung consists of three lobes, and the left lung has two lobes.
pleura	double-folded serous membrane covering each lung and lining the thoracic cavity with a small space between, called the pleural cavity, which contains serous fluid.
diaphragm	muscular partition that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. It aids in the breathing process by contracting and pulling air in, then relaxing and pushing air out.
mediastinum	space between the lungs. It contains the heart, esophagus, trachea, great blood vessels, and other structures.
alveoli	air sacs at the end of the bronchioles
bronchi	tubes carrying air between the trachea and lungs
larynx	location of the vocal cords
lungs	located in the thoracic cavity
pharynx	acts as food and air passageway
pleura	membrane covering the lung
adenoids	lymphoid tissue behind the nasal cavity
trachea	passageway for air to the bronchi
adenoiditis	inflammation of the adenoids
atelectasis	incomplete expansion (of the lung of a new born or collapsed lung)
bronchiectasis	dilation of the bronchi
bronchitis	inflammation of the bronchi
bronchogenic carcinoma	cancerous tumor originating in a bronchus
bronchopneumonia	diseased state of the bronchi and lungs, usually caused by infection.
diaphragmatocele	hernia of the diaphragm
epiglottitis	inflammation of the epiglottis
hemothorax	blood in the chest (pleural space)
laryngitis	inflammation of the larynx
laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB)	inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi (the acute form is called croup)
lobar pneumonia	pertaining to the lobe(s); diseased state of the lung (infection of one or more lobes of the lung)
nasopharyngitis	inflammation of the nose and pharynx
pansinusitis	inflammation of all sinuses
pharyngitis	inflammation of the pharynx
pleuritis	inflammation of the pleura (also called pleurisy)
pneumatocele	hernia of the lung (lung tissue protrudes through an opening in the chest)
pneumociniosis	abnormal condition of dust in the lungs
pneumonia	diseased state of the lung (the infection and inflammation are caused by bacteria such as Pneumococcus, Staphylococcus, Streptoccocus, and Haemophilus; viruses; and fungi)
pneumonitis	inflammation of the lung
pneumothorax	air in the chest (pleural space), which causes collapse of the lung
pulmonary neoplasm	pertaining to (in) the lung, new growth (tumor)
pyothorax	pus in the chest (pleural space) (also called empyema)
rhinitis	inflammation of the (mucous membranes) nose
thinomycosis	abnormal condition of fungus in the nose
rinorrhagia	rapid flow of blood from the nose (also called epistaxis)
thoracalgia	pain in the chest
tonsillitis	inflammation of the tonsils
tracheitis	inflammation of the trachea
tracheostenosis	narrowing of the trachea
adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)	respiratory failure in an adult as a result of disease or injury. Symptoms include dyspnea, rapid breathing, and cyanosis (also called acute respiratory distress syndrome).
asthma	respiratory disease characterized by paroxysms of coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and constriction of airways
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)	a group of disorders that are almost always a result of smoking that obstructs bronchial flow. One or more of the following is present in COPD in varying degrees: emphysema, chronic bronchitis, bronchospasm, and bronchiolitis.
coccidioidomycosis	fungal disease affecting the lungs and sometimes other organs of the body (also called valley fever or cocci
coccidioidomycosis	also called valley fever or cocci
cor pulmonale	serious cardiac disease associated with chronic lung disorders, such as emphysema
croup	condition resulting from acute obstruction of the larynx, characterized by a barking cough, hoarseness, and stridor. It may be caused by viral or bacterial infection, allergy, or foreign body. Occurs mainly in children.
cystic fibrosis (CF)	hereditary disorder of the exocrine glands characterized by excess mucus production in the respiratory tract, pancreatic deficiency, and other symptoms.
deviated septum	one part of the nasal cavity is smaller because of malformation or injury of the nasal septum
emphysema	stretching of lung tissue caused by the alveoli becoming disended and losing elasticity
epistaxis	nosebleed (synonymous with rinorrhagia)
influenza	highly infectious respiratory disease caused by a virus (also called flu)
Legionnaire disease	a lobar pneumonia caused by the bacterium Legionella pneumophila
obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)	repetitive pharyngeal collapse during sleep, which leads to absence of breathing; can produce daytime drowsiness and elevated blood pressure
pertussis	highly contagious bacterial infection of the respiratory tract characterized by an acute crowing inspiration, or whoop (also called whooping cough)
pertussis	also called whooping cough
pleural effusion	excape of fluid into the pleural space as a result of inflammation
pulmonary edema	fluid accumulation in the alveoli and bronchioles
pulmonary embolism (PE)	foreign matter, such as a blood clot, air, or fat clot, carried in the circulation to the pulmonary artery, where it blocks circulation
embolism	pl. emboli
tuberculosis (TB)	an infectious disease, caused by an acid-fast bacillus, most commonly spread by inhalation of small particles and usually affecting the lungs
upper respiratory infection (URI)	infection of the nasal cavity, pharynx, or larynx
adenoidectoly	excision of the adenoids
adenotome	surgical instrument used to cut the adenoids
bronchoplasty	surgical repair of a bronchus
laryngectomy	excision of the larynx
laryngoplasty	surgical repair of the larynx
laryngostomy	creation of an artificial opening into the larynx
laryngotracheotomy	incision of the larynx and traches
lobectomy	excision of a lobe (of the lung)
pleuropexy	surgical fixation of the pleura
pneumobronchotomy	incision of lung and bronchus
pneumonectomy	excision of a lung
rhinoplasty	surgical repair of the nose
septoplasty	surgical reapair of the (nasal) septum
septotomy	incision into the (nasal) septum
sinusotomy	incision of a sinus
thoracocentesis	surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from the chest cavity (also called thoracentesis)
thoracocentesis	also called thoracentesis
thoracotomy	incision into the chest cavity
tonsillectomy	excision of the tonsils
tracheoplasty	surgical repair of the trachea
tracheostomy	creation of an artificial opening into the trachea
tracheotomy	incision of the trachea
bronchoscope	instrument used for visual examination of the bronchi
bronchoscopy	visual examination of the bronchi
endoscope	instrument used for visual examination within (a hollow organ or body cavity). (Current trend is to use endoscopes for surgical procedures as well as for viewing.)
endoscopic	pertaining to visual examination within (a hollow organ or body cavity) (used to describe the practice of performing surgeries that use endoscopes)
endoscopy	visual examination within (a hollow organ or body cavity)
laryngoscope	instrument used for visual examination of the laryngx
laryngoscopy	visual examination of the larynx
thoracoscope	instrument used for visual examination of the thorax
thoracoscopy	visual examination of the thorax
capnometer	instrument used to measure carbon dioxide (levels in expired gas)
oximeter	instrument used to measure oxygen (saturation in the blood)
spirometer	instrument used to measure breathing (or lung volumes)
spirometry	a measurement of breathing (or lung volumes)
polysomnography (PSG)	process of recording many (tests) during sleep (performed to diagnose obstructive sleep apnea). Tests include electrocardiography, electromyography, electroencephalography, air flow monitoring, and oximetry.
chest computed tomography (CT) scan	computerized images of the chest created in sections sliced from front to back. Used to diagnose tumors, abscesses, and pleural effusion. Computed tomography is used to visualize other parts such as the abdomen and brain
chest radiograph (CXR)	a radiographic image of the chest used to evaluate the lungs and the heart (also called a chest x-ray)
ventilation-perfusion scanning (VPS)	a nuclear medicine procedure used to diagnose pulmonary embolism and other conditions (also called a lung scan)
ventilation-perfusion scanning (VPS)	lung scan
acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear	a test performed on sputum to determine the presence of acid-fast bacilli, which cause tuberculosis
arterial blood gases (ABGs)	a test performed on arterial blood to determine levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other gases present
pulmonary function tests (PFTs)	a group of tests performed to measure breathing, which is used to determine respiratory function or abnormalities and is useful in distinguishing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease from asthma
pulse oximetry	a noninvasive method of measuring oxygen in the blood by using a device that attaches to the fingertip
PPD (purified protein derivative) skin test	a test performed on individuals who have recently been exposed to tuberculosis. PPD of the tuberculin bacillus is injected intradermally. Positive tests indicate previous exposure, not necessarily active tuberculosis (also called TB skin test)
PPD (purified protein derivative) skin test	TB skin test
acapnia	condition of absence (less than normal level) of carbon dioxide (in the blood)
anoxia	condition of absence (deficiency) of oxygen
aphonia	condition of absence of voice
apnea	absence of breathing
bronchoalveolar	pertaining to the bronchi and alveoli
bronchospasm	spasmodic contraction in the bronchi
diaphragmatic	pertaining to the diaphragm (also called phrenic)
diaphragmatic	also called phrenic
dysphonia	condition of difficult speaking (voice)
dyspnea	difficult breathing
endotracheal	pertaining to within the trachea
eupnea	normal breathing
hypercapnia	condition of excessive carbon dioxide (in the blood)
hyperpnea	excessive breathing
hypocapnia	condition of deficient carbon dioxide (in the blood)
hypopnea	dificient breathing
hypoxemia	condition of deficient oxygen (in the blood)
hypoxia	condition of dificient ocygen (to the tissue)
intrapleural	pertaining to within the pleura (space between the two pleural membranes)
laryngeal	pertaining to the larynx
laryngospasm	spasmodic contraction in the larynx
mucoid	resembling mucus
mucous	pertaining to mucus
nasopharyngeal	pertaining to the nose and pharynx
orthopnea	able to breathe easier in an upright position
phrenalgia	pain in the diaphragm (also called diaphragmalgia)
phrenalgia	also called diaphragmalgia
phrenospasm	spasm of the diaphragm
pulmonary	pertaining to the lungs
pulmonologist	a physician who studies and treats diseases of the lung
pulmonology	study of the lung (a branch of medicine dealing with diseases of the lung)
rhinorrhea	discharge from the nose (as in a cold)
tachypnea	rapid breathing
thoracic	pertaining to the chest
airway	passageway by which air enters and leaves the lungs as well as a mechanical device used to keep the air passageway unobstructed
asphyxia	deprivation of oxygen for tissue use; suffocation
asphyxia	suffocation
aspirate	to withdraw fluid or to suction as well as to draw foreign material into the respiratory tract
bronchoconstrictor	agent causing narrowing of the bronchi
bronchodilator	agent causing the bronchi to widen
cough	sudden, noisy expulsion of air from the lungs
hiccup	sudden catching of breath with a spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm (also called hiccough and singultus)
hiccough	hiccup
singultus	hiccup
hyperventilation	ventilation of the lungs beyond normal body needs
hypoventilation	ventilation os the lungs that does not fulfill the body's gas exchange needs
mucopurulent	containing both mucus and pus
mucus	slimy fluid secreted by the mucous membranes
nebulizer	devide that creates a mist used to deliver medication for giving respiratory treatment
nosocomial infection	an infection acquired during hospitalization
patent	periodic sudden attack
sputum	mucous secretion from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea expelled through the mouth
ventilator	mechanical device used to assist with or substitute for breathing when a patient cannot breathe unassisted
ABGs	arterial blood gases
AFB	acid-fast bacilli
ARDS	adult respiratory distress syndrome
CF	cystic fibrosis
CO2	carbon dioxide
COPD	chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
CT	computed tomography
CXR	chest radiograph (chest x-ray)
flu	influenza
LLL	left lower lobe
LTB	laryngotracheobronchitis
LUL	left upper lobe
O2	oxygen
OSA	obstructive sleep apnea
PE	pulmonary embolism
PFTs	pulmonary function tests
PSG	polysomnography
RLL	right lower lobe
RML	right middle lobe
RUL	right upper lobe
TB	tuberculosis
URI	upper respiratory infection
VPS	ventilation-perfusion scaning
BiPAP	bilevel positive airway pressure
CPT	chest physiotherapy
CPAP	continuous positive airway pressure
DPI	dry powder inhaler
MDI	metered-dose inhaler
PEP	positive expiratory pressure
SVN	small-volume nebulizer
VAP	ventilator-associated pneumonia

Created by: puzzler

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