Respiratory System

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Question

Answer

adenoid/o

adenoids

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alveol/o

alveolus

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atel/o

imperfect, incomplete

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bronchi/o

bronchus

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bronch/o

bronchus

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capn/o

carbon dioxide

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diaphragmat/o

diaphragm

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epiglott/o

epiglottis

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hemat/o

blood

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hem/o

blood

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laryng/o

larynx

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lob/o

lobe

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muc/o

mucus

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nas/o

nose

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orth/o

straight

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ox/i

oxygen

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ox/o

oxygen

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pharyng/o

pharynx

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phon/o

sound, voice

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phren/o

diaphragm

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pleur/o

pleura

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pneum/o

lung, air

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pneumat/o

lung, air

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pneumon/o

lung, air

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pulmon/o

lung

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py/o

pus

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rhin/o

nose

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sept/o

septum (wall off, fence)

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sinus/o

sinus

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somn/o

sleep

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spir/o

breathe, breathing

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thorac/o

thorax (chest)

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tonsill/o

tonsil (combining form ahs two ls.)

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trache/o

trachea

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without or absence of

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an-

without or absence of (used when the word root begins with a vowel.)

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endo-

within (the prefix intra-, also means within.)

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eu-

normal, good

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pan-

all, total

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poly-

many, much

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tachy-

fast, rapid

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algia

pain

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pertaining to

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ary

pertaining to

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cele

hernia or protrusion

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centesis

surgical puncture to aspirate fluid (with a sterile needle)

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eal

pertaining to

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ectasis

stretching out, dilation, expansion

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emia

blood condition

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graphy

process of recording, radiographic imaging

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meter

insturment used to measure

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metry

measurement

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pexy

surgical fixation, suspension

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pnea

breathing

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rrhagia

rapid flow of blood

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scope

insturment used for visual examination

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scopic

pertaining to visual examination

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scopy

visual examination

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spasm

sudden, involuntary muscle contraction (spasmodic contraction)

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stenosis

constriction or narrowing

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stomy

creation of an artificial opening

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thorax

chest

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tomy

cut into or incision

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nose

lined with mucous membrand and fine hairs. It acts as a filter to moisten and warm the entering air.

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nasal septum

partition separating the right and left nasal cavities

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paranasal sinuses

air cavities within the cranial bones that open into the nasal cavities

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pharynx

serves as a food and air passageway. Air entering from the nasal cavities and passes through the pharynx to the larynx. Food enters the pharynx from the mouth and passes into the esophagus (also called the throat).

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adenoids

lymphoid tissue located behind the nasal cavity

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tonsils

lymphoid tissue located behind the mouth

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larynx

location of the vocal cords. Air enters from the pharynx (also called the voice box).

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epiglottis

flap of cartilage that automatically covers the opening of and keeps food from entering the larynx during swallowing

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trachea

passageway for air to the bronchi (also called the windpipe)

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bronchus (pl. bronchi)

one of two branches from the trachea that conducts air into the lungs, where it divides and subdivides. The branchings resemble a tree; therefore, they are referred to as a bronchial tree

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bronchioles

smallest subdivision of the bronchial tree

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respiration

breathing, or ventilation

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alveolus (pl. alveoli)

air sacs at the end of the bronchioles. Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged through the alveolar walls and the capillaries.

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lungs

two spongelike organs in the thoracic cavity. The right lung consists of three lobes, and the left lung has two lobes.

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pleura

double-folded serous membrane covering each lung and lining the thoracic cavity with a small space between, called the pleural cavity, which contains serous fluid.

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diaphragm

muscular partition that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. It aids in the breathing process by contracting and pulling air in, then relaxing and pushing air out.

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mediastinum

space between the lungs. It contains the heart, esophagus, trachea, great blood vessels, and other structures.

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alveoli

air sacs at the end of the bronchioles

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bronchi

tubes carrying air between the trachea and lungs

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larynx

location of the vocal cords

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lungs

located in the thoracic cavity

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pharynx

acts as food and air passageway

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pleura

membrane covering the lung

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adenoids

lymphoid tissue behind the nasal cavity

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trachea

passageway for air to the bronchi

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adenoiditis

inflammation of the adenoids

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atelectasis

incomplete expansion (of the lung of a new born or collapsed lung)

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bronchiectasis

dilation of the bronchi

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bronchitis

inflammation of the bronchi

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bronchogenic carcinoma

cancerous tumor originating in a bronchus

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bronchopneumonia

diseased state of the bronchi and lungs, usually caused by infection.

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diaphragmatocele

hernia of the diaphragm

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epiglottitis

inflammation of the epiglottis

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hemothorax

blood in the chest (pleural space)

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laryngitis

inflammation of the larynx

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laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB)

inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi (the acute form is called croup)

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lobar pneumonia

pertaining to the lobe(s); diseased state of the lung (infection of one or more lobes of the lung)

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nasopharyngitis

inflammation of the nose and pharynx

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pansinusitis

inflammation of all sinuses

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pharyngitis

inflammation of the pharynx

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pleuritis

inflammation of the pleura (also called pleurisy)

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pneumatocele

hernia of the lung (lung tissue protrudes through an opening in the chest)

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pneumociniosis

abnormal condition of dust in the lungs

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pneumonia

diseased state of the lung (the infection and inflammation are caused by bacteria such as Pneumococcus, Staphylococcus, Streptoccocus, and Haemophilus; viruses; and fungi)

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pneumonitis

inflammation of the lung

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pneumothorax

air in the chest (pleural space), which causes collapse of the lung

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pulmonary neoplasm

pertaining to (in) the lung, new growth (tumor)

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pyothorax

pus in the chest (pleural space) (also called empyema)

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rhinitis

inflammation of the (mucous membranes) nose

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thinomycosis

abnormal condition of fungus in the nose

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rinorrhagia

rapid flow of blood from the nose (also called epistaxis)

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thoracalgia

pain in the chest

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tonsillitis

inflammation of the tonsils

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tracheitis

inflammation of the trachea

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tracheostenosis

narrowing of the trachea

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adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

respiratory failure in an adult as a result of disease or injury. Symptoms include dyspnea, rapid breathing, and cyanosis (also called acute respiratory distress syndrome).

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asthma

respiratory disease characterized by paroxysms of coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and constriction of airways

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chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

a group of disorders that are almost always a result of smoking that obstructs bronchial flow. One or more of the following is present in COPD in varying degrees: emphysema, chronic bronchitis, bronchospasm, and bronchiolitis.

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coccidioidomycosis

fungal disease affecting the lungs and sometimes other organs of the body (also called valley fever or cocci

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coccidioidomycosis

also called valley fever or cocci

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cor pulmonale

serious cardiac disease associated with chronic lung disorders, such as emphysema

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croup

condition resulting from acute obstruction of the larynx, characterized by a barking cough, hoarseness, and stridor. It may be caused by viral or bacterial infection, allergy, or foreign body. Occurs mainly in children.

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cystic fibrosis (CF)

hereditary disorder of the exocrine glands characterized by excess mucus production in the respiratory tract, pancreatic deficiency, and other symptoms.

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deviated septum

one part of the nasal cavity is smaller because of malformation or injury of the nasal septum

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emphysema

stretching of lung tissue caused by the alveoli becoming disended and losing elasticity

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epistaxis

nosebleed (synonymous with rinorrhagia)

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influenza

highly infectious respiratory disease caused by a virus (also called flu)

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Legionnaire disease

a lobar pneumonia caused by the bacterium Legionella pneumophila

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obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)

repetitive pharyngeal collapse during sleep, which leads to absence of breathing; can produce daytime drowsiness and elevated blood pressure

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pertussis

highly contagious bacterial infection of the respiratory tract characterized by an acute crowing inspiration, or whoop (also called whooping cough)

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pertussis

also called whooping cough

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pleural effusion

excape of fluid into the pleural space as a result of inflammation

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pulmonary edema

fluid accumulation in the alveoli and bronchioles

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pulmonary embolism (PE)

foreign matter, such as a blood clot, air, or fat clot, carried in the circulation to the pulmonary artery, where it blocks circulation

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embolism

pl. emboli

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tuberculosis (TB)

an infectious disease, caused by an acid-fast bacillus, most commonly spread by inhalation of small particles and usually affecting the lungs

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upper respiratory infection (URI)

infection of the nasal cavity, pharynx, or larynx

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adenoidectoly

excision of the adenoids

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adenotome

surgical instrument used to cut the adenoids

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bronchoplasty

surgical repair of a bronchus

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laryngectomy

excision of the larynx

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laryngoplasty

surgical repair of the larynx

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laryngostomy

creation of an artificial opening into the larynx

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laryngotracheotomy

incision of the larynx and traches

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lobectomy

excision of a lobe (of the lung)

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pleuropexy

surgical fixation of the pleura

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pneumobronchotomy

incision of lung and bronchus

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pneumonectomy

excision of a lung

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rhinoplasty

surgical repair of the nose

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septoplasty

surgical reapair of the (nasal) septum

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septotomy

incision into the (nasal) septum

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sinusotomy

incision of a sinus

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thoracocentesis

surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from the chest cavity (also called thoracentesis)

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thoracocentesis

also called thoracentesis

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thoracotomy

incision into the chest cavity

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tonsillectomy

excision of the tonsils

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tracheoplasty

surgical repair of the trachea

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tracheostomy

creation of an artificial opening into the trachea

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tracheotomy

incision of the trachea

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bronchoscope

instrument used for visual examination of the bronchi

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bronchoscopy

visual examination of the bronchi

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endoscope

instrument used for visual examination within (a hollow organ or body cavity). (Current trend is to use endoscopes for surgical procedures as well as for viewing.)

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endoscopic

pertaining to visual examination within (a hollow organ or body cavity) (used to describe the practice of performing surgeries that use endoscopes)

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endoscopy

visual examination within (a hollow organ or body cavity)

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laryngoscope

instrument used for visual examination of the laryngx

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laryngoscopy

visual examination of the larynx

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thoracoscope

instrument used for visual examination of the thorax

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thoracoscopy

visual examination of the thorax

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capnometer

instrument used to measure carbon dioxide (levels in expired gas)

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oximeter

instrument used to measure oxygen (saturation in the blood)

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spirometer

instrument used to measure breathing (or lung volumes)

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spirometry

a measurement of breathing (or lung volumes)

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polysomnography (PSG)

process of recording many (tests) during sleep (performed to diagnose obstructive sleep apnea). Tests include electrocardiography, electromyography, electroencephalography, air flow monitoring, and oximetry.

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chest computed tomography (CT) scan

computerized images of the chest created in sections sliced from front to back. Used to diagnose tumors, abscesses, and pleural effusion. Computed tomography is used to visualize other parts such as the abdomen and brain

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chest radiograph (CXR)

a radiographic image of the chest used to evaluate the lungs and the heart (also called a chest x-ray)

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ventilation-perfusion scanning (VPS)

a nuclear medicine procedure used to diagnose pulmonary embolism and other conditions (also called a lung scan)

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ventilation-perfusion scanning (VPS)

lung scan

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acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear

a test performed on sputum to determine the presence of acid-fast bacilli, which cause tuberculosis

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arterial blood gases (ABGs)

a test performed on arterial blood to determine levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other gases present

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pulmonary function tests (PFTs)

a group of tests performed to measure breathing, which is used to determine respiratory function or abnormalities and is useful in distinguishing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease from asthma

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pulse oximetry

a noninvasive method of measuring oxygen in the blood by using a device that attaches to the fingertip

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PPD (purified protein derivative) skin test

a test performed on individuals who have recently been exposed to tuberculosis. PPD of the tuberculin bacillus is injected intradermally. Positive tests indicate previous exposure, not necessarily active tuberculosis (also called TB skin test)

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PPD (purified protein derivative) skin test

TB skin test

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acapnia

condition of absence (less than normal level) of carbon dioxide (in the blood)

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anoxia

condition of absence (deficiency) of oxygen

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aphonia

condition of absence of voice

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apnea

absence of breathing

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bronchoalveolar

pertaining to the bronchi and alveoli

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bronchospasm

spasmodic contraction in the bronchi

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diaphragmatic

pertaining to the diaphragm (also called phrenic)

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diaphragmatic

also called phrenic

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dysphonia

condition of difficult speaking (voice)

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dyspnea

difficult breathing

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endotracheal

pertaining to within the trachea

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eupnea

normal breathing

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hypercapnia

condition of excessive carbon dioxide (in the blood)

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hyperpnea

excessive breathing

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hypocapnia

condition of deficient carbon dioxide (in the blood)

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hypopnea

dificient breathing

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hypoxemia

condition of deficient oxygen (in the blood)

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hypoxia

condition of dificient ocygen (to the tissue)

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intrapleural

pertaining to within the pleura (space between the two pleural membranes)

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laryngeal

pertaining to the larynx

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laryngospasm

spasmodic contraction in the larynx

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mucoid

resembling mucus

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mucous

pertaining to mucus

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nasopharyngeal

pertaining to the nose and pharynx

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orthopnea

able to breathe easier in an upright position

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phrenalgia

pain in the diaphragm (also called diaphragmalgia)

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phrenalgia

also called diaphragmalgia

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phrenospasm

spasm of the diaphragm

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pulmonary

pertaining to the lungs

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pulmonologist

a physician who studies and treats diseases of the lung

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pulmonology

study of the lung (a branch of medicine dealing with diseases of the lung)

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rhinorrhea

discharge from the nose (as in a cold)

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tachypnea

rapid breathing

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thoracic

pertaining to the chest

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airway

passageway by which air enters and leaves the lungs as well as a mechanical device used to keep the air passageway unobstructed

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asphyxia

deprivation of oxygen for tissue use; suffocation

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asphyxia

suffocation

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aspirate

to withdraw fluid or to suction as well as to draw foreign material into the respiratory tract

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bronchoconstrictor

agent causing narrowing of the bronchi

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bronchodilator

agent causing the bronchi to widen

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cough

sudden, noisy expulsion of air from the lungs

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hiccup

sudden catching of breath with a spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm (also called hiccough and singultus)

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hiccough

hiccup

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singultus

hiccup

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hyperventilation

ventilation of the lungs beyond normal body needs

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hypoventilation

ventilation os the lungs that does not fulfill the body's gas exchange needs

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mucopurulent

containing both mucus and pus

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mucus

slimy fluid secreted by the mucous membranes

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nebulizer

devide that creates a mist used to deliver medication for giving respiratory treatment

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nosocomial infection

an infection acquired during hospitalization

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patent

periodic sudden attack

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sputum

mucous secretion from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea expelled through the mouth

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ventilator

mechanical device used to assist with or substitute for breathing when a patient cannot breathe unassisted

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ABGs

arterial blood gases

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AFB

acid-fast bacilli

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ARDS

adult respiratory distress syndrome

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cystic fibrosis

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CO2

carbon dioxide

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COPD

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

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computed tomography

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CXR

chest radiograph (chest x-ray)

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flu

influenza

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LLL

left lower lobe

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LTB

laryngotracheobronchitis

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LUL

left upper lobe

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oxygen

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OSA

obstructive sleep apnea

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pulmonary embolism

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PFTs

pulmonary function tests

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PSG

polysomnography

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RLL

right lower lobe

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RML

right middle lobe

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RUL

right upper lobe

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tuberculosis

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URI

upper respiratory infection

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VPS

ventilation-perfusion scaning

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BiPAP

bilevel positive airway pressure

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CPT

chest physiotherapy

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CPAP

continuous positive airway pressure

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DPI

dry powder inhaler

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MDI

metered-dose inhaler

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PEP

positive expiratory pressure

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SVN

small-volume nebulizer

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VAP

ventilator-associated pneumonia

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Created by: puzzler