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Ciccarelli Chapter 2
Flash Cards Chapter 2 PSY 101
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| branch of the life sciences that deals with the structure and function of neurons, nerves, and nervous tissue, especially focusing on their relationship to behavior and learning. | Nueroscience |
| a complex network of cells that carry information to and from all parts of the body. | Nervous System |
| The brain and spinal chord | Central Nervous System |
| Transmits information to and from the central nervous system | Peripheral Nervous System |
| Automatically regulates glands, internal organs and blood vessels, pupil dilation, digestion, and blood pressure | Autonomic Nervous System |
| Carries sensory information and controls movement of the skeletal muscles. | Somatic Nervous System |
| ` the basic cell that makes up the nervous system and which receives and sends messages within that system. | Nuerons |
| Nueral messages travel fast on axons that have | Myelin Sheaths |
| branch-like structures that receive messages from other neurons | Dendrites |
| the cell body of the neuron, responsible for maintaining the life of the cell | Soma |
| grey fatty cells that: provide support for the neurons to grow on and around, deliver nutrients to neurons, produce myelin to coat axons | Glial Cells |
| fatty substances produced by certain glial cells that coat the axons of neurons to insulate, protect, and speed up the neural impulse. | Myelin |
| is a neurotransmitter that is involved in parkinson’s disease | Dopamine |
| is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter | GABA |
| Nuerostrnsmitter released when drinking large amounts of alcohol. | GABA |
| is associated with sleep, mood, and appetite | Serotonin |
| are neural regulators that control our pain response | Endorphins |
| is cleared out of the synapse by enzymes which break up the molecules. | Acetylcholine |
| part of the cord transmits messages to and from the brain | The outer spinal cord |
| part controls life-saving reflexes such as the pain response | The inner spinal cord |
| division of the PNS consisting of nerves that carry information from the senses to the CNS and from the CNS to the voluntary muscles of the body. | Sonmatic Nervouse System |
| The branch of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body for quick action in an emergency | Sympathetic Nervous System |
| allows researchers to look at the activity of the surface of the brain through the use of microelectrodes placed on the scalp and connected to an amplifier and a computer for data recording and analysis | EEG |
| are computer-aided X-rays of the brain and show a great deal of brain structure | CT |
| scans use a magnetic field and a computer to give researchers an even more detailed look at the structure of the brain | MRI |
| allows researchers to look at the activity of the brain during various mental tasks | fMRI |
| scans use a radioactive sugar injected into the bloodstream to track the activity of brain cells, which is enhanced and color-coded by a computer. | PET |
| is at the very bottom of the brain and top of the spinal column. | Medulla |
| It controls life-sustaining functions such as breathing and swallowing | Medulla |
| The nerves from each side of the body also cross over in this structure to opposite sides | Medulla |
| is above the medulla and acts as a bridge between the lower part of the brain and the upper part | Pons |
| It influences sleep, dreaming, arousal, and coordination of movement on the left and right sides of the body | Pons |
| runs through the medulla and the pons, and controls our selective attention and arousal | The reticular formation |
| is found at the base and back of the brain, and coordinates fine, rapid motor movement, learned reflexes, posture, and muscle tone. | cerebellum |
| consists of the thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, and the fornix | Limbic System |
| is the switching station that sends sensory information to the proper areas of the cortex | Thalamus |
| controls hunger, thirst, sleep, sexual behavior, sleeping and waking, and emotions | Hypothalamus |
| ontrols the pituitary gland | Hypothalamus |
| is the part of the brain responsible for storing memories and remember locations of objects. | Hippocampus |
| the part of the brain that makes us most human. | Cerebral Cortex |
| Which hemishpere of the Cerebral Cortex is most responsible for lanquage task | Front |
| structure that connects the two hemispheres of the cerebral cortex | corpus callosum |
| at the back and base of each hemisphere process vision and contain the primary visual cortex | occipital lobes |
| at the top and back of the cortex contain the somatasensory area, which processes our sense of touch, temperature, and body position. Taste is also processed in this lobe | parietal lobes |
| contain the primary auditory area and are also involved in understanding language | temporal lobes |
| contain the motor cortex, which controls the voluntary muscles, and are also where all the higher mental functions occur, such as planning and complex decision making | Frontal lobes |
| is an area for producing speech | Left frontal lobe |
| just below the hypothalamus- controls the levels of salt and water in our system and, in women, the onset of labor and lactation. It also controls the secreting of growth hormones and influences the activity of the other glands | The pituitary gland |
| secretes melatonin, a hormone that regulates our sleep-wake cycle in response to changes in light. | pineal gland |
| controls metabolism (the burning of energy) by secreting thyroxin. | Thyroid gland |
| controls the level of sugar in the blood by secreting insulin and glucagons | Pancreas gland |
| are the ovaries in women and testes in men | Gonads |
| control our stress reaction through the adrenal medulla’s secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine | Adrenal glands |
| secretes over thirty different corticoids (hormones) controlling salt intake, stress, and sexual development. | Adrenal Cortex |
| are secreted directly into the bloodstream, influencing the activity of the muscles and organs. | Hormones |
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