Save
Busy. Please wait.
Log in with Clever
or
show password
Forgot Password?
Don't have an account?  Sign up 
Sign up using Clever
or
Username is available taken
show password


Make sure to remember your password. If you forget it there is no way for StudyStack to send you a reset link. You would need to create a new account. Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. See our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.

Already a StudyStack user? Log In

Reset Password
Enter the associated with your account, and we'll email you a link to reset your password.
focusNode
Didn't know it?
click below
 
Knew it?
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
0:00
edit
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

  Normal Size     Small Size show me how

ch. 21-24

P.cology 3--Exam 1

QuestionAnswer
AMPA IONOTROPIC Glutamate Receptor perm to Na+=EPSP
Kinate IONOTROPIC Glutamate Receptor perm to Na+ = EPSP
NMDA INOTROPIC Glutamate Receptor perm to Na+ & Ca++ = EPSP voltage & ligand gated
NMDA MOA Glutamate binds both AMPA & NMDA (blocked by MG++) at same time. Binding allows Na+ to come in via AMPA causing depolarization which removes NMDAs Mg++ block, allowing Ca++ to enter. More Ca++ increases # of AMPA Rs causing NMDA to respond faster
NMDA receptors are important in... long term potentiation/ Learning & Memory
GABAa INOTROPIC controls Cl- channels=IPSP where alcohol, barbiturates, & BZDs bind
GABAb METABOTROPIC control K+ channels= IPSP also found presynaptically--cause hyperpolarization in axon terminus
GABAc controls Cl- channels prominent in retina
glycine inhibitory NT controls Cl- channels=IPSP only in brainstem & spinal cord
nucleus/nuclei collection of cell bodies in CNS
ganglion/ganglia collection of cell bodies in PNS
Nicotinic Receptors INOTROPIC--bind Ach influx of Na & efflux of K=EPSP (more Na out than K in)
Muscarinic Receptors Metabotropic--bind ACh M1-M5
M1 decrease K conductance via IP3 & DAG= EPSP
M2 increase K conductance via cAMP= IPSP
M1, M3, M4 most abundant muscarinic Rs--found in brain
tyrosine hydroxylase tyrosine--> Dopa rate limiting step
COMT degrades catecholamines extracellularly but is membrane bound
MOA degrades catecholamines inside cell
Dopamine Receptors METABOTROPIC D1-D5
D1 & D5 increase cAMP via Gs = IPSP
D2, D3, D4 decrease cAMP, increasing K+ conductance = IPSP
primary way dopamine is removed from synapse taken back up via DAT---only 20% degraded by COMT
iocus coeruleus major nucleus of NE pathway---produces NE
NE is removed from synapse by... reuptake via NET, only 20% degraded by COMT
B1, B2, & A1 depolarize neurons by blocking K+ conductance
A2 hyperpolarizes neurons by increasing K+ conductance
What NE receptors are found presynaptically & limit NT release? A2: feedback inhibition B2: feedback excitation
______ is the only inotropic serotonin receptor 5-HT3--Na (in)/ K(out) = EPSP
what 3 BZDs undergo only Phase 2 metabolism lorazepam, oxazepam, temazepam
BZDs bind what receptor & cause _____ to happen GABAa Rs--increase freq of Cl- channel opening & increase amplitude of IPSP
Barbiturates bind what receptor & cause ______ to happen? GABAa Rs--increase duration of channel opening, increasing duration of IPSP
Barbiturates inhibit what other receptor? AMPA--causes an overall inhibiting effect, b/c normally an EPSP
3 new hypnotics zolpidem, zalepion, eszopiclone
where do new hypnotics bind & what are they indicated for bind GABAa isoforms w/ alpha1 subunits indicated for insomnia
Rameleton melatonin receptor AGONIST @ MT1 & MT2 in suprachiasmic nucleus---extensive 1st pass metabolism
Buspirone full/partial AGONIST @ 5-HT1 & D2 ANTAGONIST---only used as anxiolytic
Fluamzenil BZD ANTAGONIST: #actions of BZDs, eszopiclone, zaleplon, zolpidem
Beta Carbolines BZD INVERSE AGONISTS: bind BZD site & reduce freq of channel opening--actually cause anxiety & seizures
what receptor does alcohol bind & what does it make happen binds GABAa receptors increasing duration of opening & increasing duration of IPSP
Naltrexone Mu opioid receptor ANTAGONIST reduces short term cravings
Acamprosate weak NMDA receptor ANTAGONIST & GABA activator--reduces short & long term relapse rates
Disulfram inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase--prevents acetaldehyde from being broken down into acetate
1st gen anti-seizure drugs phenobarbital, phenytoin, primidone, ethosuxemide, bzds, carbamazepine, valproate
2nd gen anti-seizure drugs gabapentin, lamotrigine, topiramate, oxcarbazepine, levatriacetam, zonisamide
act on voltage gated Na+ channels phenytoin, carbmazepine, valproate, lamotrigine, topiramate, zonisamide
which gates cause refractory periods inactivated Na+ channels
Phenytoin elim is dose dependent (1st order)--also decreases synaptic release of glutamate & increases GABA release
Fosphenytoin prodrug (Phenytoin), more soluble, less alkaline
Carbmazepine half-life of 36h after single dose but drops to 8-12h in continuous therapy--monitor carefully
Carbamazepine black box warning agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, SJS, TENS
Valproate prolongs Na channel inactivation, inhibits low threshold Ca currents, increases GABA levels
Valproate black box warning hepatotoxicity (hyperammonemia), pancreatitis, teratogenicity--D
Lamotrigine black box warning rashes & SJS
Topiramate AE metabolic acidosis due to interactions w/ carbonic anhydrase
Zonisamide AE cognitive impairment & schizophrenic syndrome
pregnancy cat. C Lamotrigine, Topiramate, Zonisamide, Gabapentin, Tigabine, Levetriacetam
drugs that enhance GABA action Diazepam/phenobarb, Valproate, Gabapentin, Tiagabine
diazepam & bzds allosteric binders of GABAa--increase freq of opening & increase amplitude of IPSP
phenobarbital increase duration of GABAa channel opening & increase duration of IPSP--also prolongs inactivation of Na channels & blocks Ca currents
Gabapentin increase levels of GABA in brain by binding voltage gated Ca channels that decrease glutamate release
Tiagabine inhibitor of GABA uptake by neurons and glial cells by inhibiting GAT-1
drugs that inhibit low threshold Ca currents are useful for which seizures? absence seizures
drugs that inhibit low threshold Ca currents Ethosuxamide, Levetriacetam, Valproate, Phenobarbital
Ethosuxamide reduces low threshold Ca currents in thalamic neurons to decrease cortical discharge
Levetriacetam targets synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, blocks some Ca channels, blocks Beta Carbolines from binding GABAa but doesnt bind receptor itself
Created by: heljmaso
Popular Pharmacology sets

 

 



Voices

Use these flashcards to help memorize information. Look at the large card and try to recall what is on the other side. Then click the card to flip it. If you knew the answer, click the green Know box. Otherwise, click the red Don't know box.

When you've placed seven or more cards in the Don't know box, click "retry" to try those cards again.

If you've accidentally put the card in the wrong box, just click on the card to take it out of the box.

You can also use your keyboard to move the cards as follows:

If you are logged in to your account, this website will remember which cards you know and don't know so that they are in the same box the next time you log in.

When you need a break, try one of the other activities listed below the flashcards like Matching, Snowman, or Hungry Bug. Although it may feel like you're playing a game, your brain is still making more connections with the information to help you out.

To see how well you know the information, try the Quiz or Test activity.

Pass complete!
"Know" box contains:
Time elapsed:
Retries:
restart all cards