Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Pharm_Sedatives
Sedatives, Anxiolytics, Hypnotic Medication
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Sedatives: | drugs that: - decrease neural activity, - moderate excitement and - calm the person taking the drug |
| Anxiolytics: | drugs intended to reduce anxiety or tension at doses which do not cause sedation or sleep. |
| Hypnotics: | drugs that produce drowsiness and facilitate the onset and maintenance of sleep |
| Benzodiazepines: Mechanism of Action | increase responses to GABA by binding to the allosteric site, which widens the Cl- channel |
| Benzodiazepines: Pharmacokinetics | - rapid onset of action - lipid-soluble > cross BBB - persist longer in fat people than old people - abuse possibility |
| Flumazenil (Romazicon) | (antagonist) Antidote for benzodiazepine overdose |
| Benzodiazepines: effects & uses | - Sedation and Sleep - Anxiety and Aggression reduction - Muscle Spasm Relaxants - Anticonvulsant Effects - Amnesia |
| Insomnia | |
| OTL | (metabolized) (O)utside (T)he (L)iver = OxAZEPAM, TemAZEPAM, LorAZEPAM |
| Benzodiazepine drug names | mostly AZEPAM (Medazepam, Diazepam, Clonazepam, Temazepam, Nordazepam, Oxazepam, Lorazepam) and AZOLAM (Triazolam, Alrpazolam, Midazolam) and ChlorAZEPATE and ChlordiAZEPOXIDE |
| MedAZEPAM > … | … > DiAZEPAM |
| DiAZEPAM > … | … > NordAZEPAM |
| ChlorAZEPATE > … | ... > NordAZEPAM |
| NordAZEPAM > … | ... > OxAZEPAM |
| TemAZEPAM > … | ... > OxAZEPAM |
| LorAZEPAM = … | … = Ativan |
| DiAZEPAM = … | … = Valium |
| ChlordiAZEPOXIDE = … | … = Librium |
| Benzodiazepine Side Effects: | psychotic slowing, risk of physical dependence (alcoholics) |
| Benzodiazepines used to treat insomnia: | EstAZOLAM, TriAZOLAM, FlurAZEPAM, QuAZEPAM TemAZEPAM, |
| FlurAZEPAM (info): | ↓sleep induction time, ↓ awakenings, ↑sleep duration, works for <4weeks, peaks in 2-3 nights of use (long ½ life) |
| TemAZEPAM (info): | ↓freq. wakening, intermediate acting, short term use (7-10d), peak: 2-3 h |
| TriAZOLAM (info): | induces sleep in insomniacs, short acting, peak: 1-2h, use <2-4 wks, tolerance within days, withdrawal=rebound insomnia & amnesia, risk for severe allergic reaction |
| D/C benzodiazepines > insomnia ? | ↑potent & ↑rapidly eliminated = ↑withdrawal |
| NONBenzodiazepines for insomnia: | ZolpiDEM, EzopiCLONE, ZalepLON (all very similar in action & effects) |
| ZolpiDEM = ... | ... = Ambien |
| ZolpiDEM (info): | 1st choice for insomnia, rapid onset, short acting hypnotic agent (↑GABA by binding to benzodiazepine receptor) as effective as benzodiazepines but safer, similar to ZalepLON & EzopiCLONE |
| EzopiCLONE = … | … = Lunesta |
| EzopiCLONE (info): | similar to ZolpiDEM & ZalepLON but mechanism unknown |
| ZalepLON = … | … = Sonata |
| ZalepLON (info): | similar to ZolpiDEM & EzopiCLONE, mechanism unknown, ultra-short acting so great for those who wake up at night, non-drowsy, risk of sever allergy |
| Barbiturates: | mostly obsolete for insomnia due to wide spectrum CNS depression, side effects: risk of abuse, drowsiness, nausea, vertigo, tremors, ↑hepatic enzymes (P450), therapeutic range ↓with duration of use (tolerance), TOXICITY |
| Benzodiazepines vs. Barbiturates | duration of action of Benzo > Barbi; toxicity Benzo (Diazepam) vs. < Barbi (Phenobarbital) |
| Ramelteon (info) | melatonin receptor agonist, action ~melatonin, used to help falling asleep, works within 7-10d, metabolized by P450 into active metabolite, well tolerated, no risk of abuse, ↓testosterone, ↑ prolactin |
| Melatonin agonists: | RamelTEON, TasimelTEON, AgoMELATINE |
| Sedatives-Hypnotics use: | treat insomnia and anxiety thru depression of CNS activity |
| Anxiolytics use: | control anxiety |
| Anxiety: | psychological SX: abnormal “fear of fear” ; physical SX: tachycardia, palpitations, trembling, dry mouth, sweating, weakness, fatigue, shortness of breath |
| Types of Anxiety: | 1. Generalized Anxiety (GAD), 2. Panic Disorders, 3. OCD, 4. Phobias, 5. PTSD, Acute Stress Disorder |
| Benzos for GAD: | Alprazolam, Chlordiazepoxide, Clorazepate, Diazepam, Lorazepam, Oxazepam |
| SSRIs for GAD: | Paroxetine, Escitalopram |
| SNRIs for GAD: | Duloxetine, Benlafaxine |
| Other drugs for GAD: | Buspirone |
| Benzos for Panic Disorder: | Alprazolam, Clonazepam, Lorazepam |
| SSRIS for Panic Disorder: | Paroxetine, Sertraline |
| SSRIs for OCD: | Citalopram, Escitalopram, Paroxetine, Fluoxetine, Fluvoxamine, Sertraline |
| SSRIs for SAD: | Paroxetine, Sertraline |
| SSRIs for PTSD: | Paroxetine, Sertraline |
| Alprazolam = … | … = Xanax |
| Alprazolam (Xanax) (info): | use panic disorders (short/long), metabolized by hepatic enzymes (P450), 70% protein bound, abuse risk |
| Chlordiazepoxide = … | … = Librium |
| Clorazepate = … | … = Tranxene |
| Diazepam = … | … = Valium |
| Diazepam (Valium) (info) | long acting (1-3d), hepatic metabolism > active metabolite, orally, treats ANXIETY & STATUS EPILEPTICUS |
| Halazepam = … | … = Paxipam |
| Lorazepam = … | … = Ativan |
| Lorazepam (Ativan): | short acting (exception), rapidly absorbed, IM/PO/IV |
| Oxazepam = … | … = Serax |
| Prazepam = … | … = Centrax |
Created by:
Flubzy
Popular Pharmacology sets