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Pharmacology
chapters 1 through 6 abbreviations
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| a.c. | before meals |
| ASA | aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) |
| ad lib | as desired |
| APAP | acetaminophen |
| A.D.{AD} | right ear or Alzheimer's Disease |
| A.S. {AS} | left ear |
| A.U. {AU} | both ears |
| B.I.D. or b.i.d. or bid | twice a day |
| c with a line over it. | with |
| cap(s) | capsule(s) or caplet(s) |
| comp. | compound |
| CR or C-R | controlled release |
| D (Zyrtec-D) | decongestant |
| D/C | discontinue or discharge |
| DR | drug resistant |
| D.S. and DS | double strength |
| elix | elixir |
| h or hr | hour |
| hour is also written as a ? | degree sign |
| {h.s.} | hours of sleep (bedtime) |
| {h.s.} | is usually at 2200 hours (10:00 p.m.) |
| HTN | hypertension |
| IB | ibuprofen |
| IND | investigational new drug |
| INJ or inj | injection |
| K | potassium |
| KCl | potassium chloride |
| K or KCl | is commonly measured in milliequivalant (mEq). |
| LA or L.A. or L-A | long acting |
| liq | liquid |
| MDR | multidrug resistant or mininum daily requirments |
| MN | midnight |
| {MS} | morphine sulfate or multiple sclerosis or magnesium sulfate |
| MSO4 | Morphine sulfate |
| MgSO4 | Magnesium sulfate |
| NIH | National Institutes of Health |
| NKA | No known allergies |
| NKDA | No known drug allergies |
| NPO or n.p.o. | Nothing by mouth |
| NR | No refills |
| NS or NSS | No refills |
| O.D. {OD} | Right eye or overdose |
| O.S. {OS} | Left eye |
| O.U. {OU} | Both eyes |
| OTC or otc | over the counter |
| p.c. or pc | after meals |
| Pt {pt} | Patient |
| PCN | Penicillin |
| PCA | Patient controlled analgesia |
| PR | Per rectum |
| q with a line over it | Every |
| Q.D. or q.d. | Everyday |
| q.h. or qh | Every hour |
| q.2.h. or q2h | Every 2 hours |
| Q.I.D. or q.i.d. | Four times a day |
| Q.O.D. or q.o.d. | Every other day |
| RDA | Recommended daily allowance |
| RFs | Refills |
| Rph | Registered pharmacist |
| s with a line over it | without |
| SA | sustained action |
| SPF | Sun protection factor |
| SR | Slow release |
| ss with a line over it | One half or sliding scale (insulin) |
| stat | Now |
| syp. | Syrup |
| supp. | Suppository |
| tab or tabs | Tablet(s) |
| T.I.D. or t.i.d. | Three times a day |
| TPN | Total parenteral nutrition |
| TPN is aka? | Hyperalimentation (hyperal) |
| UD | unit dose |
| ung. or oint | Ointment |
| WHO | World health organization |
| WNL | Within normal limits |
| w/o | without |
| XR | Extened release |
| > | Greater than |
| < | Less than |
| (Triangular shaped symbol) | Change |
| The study of drugs and their interactions with living organism is called? | Pharmacology |
| Any nonfood chemical substance that affects the mind or body is called a? | Drug |
| A drug that is deliberately administered for its medical value is called? | Medicine |
| The three medical use for drugs? | 1. Prevent diesease 2. Diagnose disease 3. Treat disease |
| FDA | Food and drug administration |
| The FDA regulates | Prescription and OTC medications for use in the U.S. |
| DEA | Drug enforcement administration |
| The DEA regulates the? | Manufacturing and dispensing of potentially abused drugs |
| Schedule drugs refer to (page 17) | Drugs that havea potential for abuse |
| Schedule drugs are aka? | Controlled drugs |
| The lower the number of the scheduled drug the? | Greater the abuse potential |
| United State Pharmacopeia National Formulary (USP / NF) | A list of all prescribed and OTC medication is the US and all information known about each medication |
| A common pharmacopeia is a? | Physcian's Desk Reference (PDR) |
| The name given to a drug when it is created is called the? | Generic name |
| A generic name is recognized by being? | 1. Lower cased 2. usually hard to pronounce 3. Sometimes in parentheses |
| The nickname given to the generic drug so consumers will remember it easily is called the? | Trade name or brand name or product name. |
| The trade name is recognized by being? | 1. Capitalized 2. Easy to pronounce 3. Sometimes in parentheses |
| Trade name medications and their generic equivalent must contain exactly the same amount of? | Active ingredients |
| Active ingredients are designed to provide the? | Therapeutic (beneficial) effect |
| Inert (inactive) ingredients include? | 1. binders 2. fillers 3. preservatives 4. antioxidants 5. buffers |
| Pharmacists are permitted to substitute the generic drug for a prescribed trade name drug unless the prescribing physician request? | No substitutions or dispense as written (DAW) |
| The dosage margin between the therapeutic effect and toxic, effects is called the? | Therapeutic index (TI) |
| A large initial dose of medication to quickly reach the TI is called a? | Loading dose or bolus |
| A drug form form the exerts no pharmacological effects no therapeutic affect and has no side effects when administered is called a? | Placebo (sugar pill) |
| All new pharmaceutical drugs are protected by a patent lasting? | 17 years |
| A drug patent means that? | No other company can manufacture or market an identical drug. |
| A tablet that has an indented line running across the top lined? | Scored |
| A tablet designed to dissolve in a glass of water before being swallowed is called? | Effervescent |
| A tablet covered with a special coating that prevents stomach upset are called? | Enteric |
| An enteric coated ASA is called? | Ecotrin |
| A classifications of ASA include? | 1.Non narcotic analgesic 2. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. (NSAID) 3. Antipyretic 4. Anticoagulant |
| Medications that disintegrate slowly into a liquid form that release the drug topically into the mouth and throat is called a? | Lozenge or troche |
| The term used to describe a liquid with a watery consistency is? | Aqueous |
| The term used to describe a thick liquid is? | Viscous |
| A small glass bottle containing injectable medication with a rubber diaphragm at the bottle neck needle insertion? | Vial |
| A small slender glass container with a narrow neck which houses injectable liquids? | Ampule (Amp) |
| Liquid medications that contains alcohol (ETOH) are called? | Elixirs (elix.) or tinctures |
| Liquid medications that contain no alcohol but are concentrated solutions of sugar water and flavorings are called? | Syrups (syp) |
| Fat globules dispersed throughout a water base is called an? | Emulsion |
| Drug particles dispersed throughout a thickened water base is called? | Gel |
| Undissolved particles of a medication to be mixed with a liquid (water) just before use is called a? | Suspension (susp) |
| Since the particles will settle suspension must be | Shaken well before use |
| The method by which a medication is dispense is called? | Administration |
| Medication applied to the skin or the eyes or ears is called? | Topical (top) |
| Topical medications include? | Lotions ointments (ung.) and creams |
| Medication patch administration through the skin to the bloodstream is called? | Transdermal |
| PO or po or p.o. refers to? | By mouth (orally) |
| SL refers to? | Sublingual (under the tongue) |
| Inhalation (NIH) refers to? | Breathing in medications |
| Inhalation administration includes? | 1. MDI which stands for metered dose inhalers. 2. Nebulizer (vaporizers) 3. IPPB which stands for intermittent positive pressure breathing 4. Endotracheal (ET) refers to within the trachea (windpipe). |
| NG (ng) refers to? | nasogastric tube |
| Gastrostomy (G tube) or jejunostomy gavage ( j tube) refers to a? | Feeding tube |
| Rectal@ usually refers to? | Suppositories and enemas |
| Vainal (VAG) usually refers to | Suppositories, creams, foams, and douches |
| Parenteral (hyperdermic) routes include? | 1.Interdermal (ID) which refers to within the skin common ID injections include: Mantoux, PPD, and tine. |
| Parenteral routes include continued? | 2. subQ or subcu (subQ, SC, SQ) which stand for: subcutaneous injection, common medication administered subcutaneously is insulin |
| Parenteral routes include continued? | 3.I.M. or IM which stands for: intramuscular injection |
| Parenteral routes includes continued? | 4.I.V. or IV which stands for: intravenous injection. |
| Parenteral routes includes continued? | 5.IVP which stans for: intravenous push |
| Parenteral routes includes continued? | 6.IVPB which stands for: intravenous piggy back. |
| Parenteral routes includes continued? | 7.Intra-articular refers to medication administered to a joint. |
| Parenteral routes includes continued? | 8. Intrathecal refer to spinal medication spinal anesthesia is aka? epidural or caudal |
| Movement of a drug from the site of administration into the bloodstream is called? | Absorption |
| Most medication are detoxified by the ? | Liver |
| Most medication are excreted by the? | Kidneys |
| The drug's main action for which it was prescribed by the physician is called the? | Therapeutic (beneficial) effect |
| Drug action that are undesirable but not unexpected are called? | Side effects |
| Severe side effects are called? | Adverse affects |
| Poisonous effects of a drug are called? | Toxic effects |
| An unusual or exaggerated allergic reaction to a medication is called? | Anaphylaxis |
| Undesirable interaction of drugs is called? | Incompatibility |
| A unique reaction to a medication is called? | Idiosyncrasy |
| A drug that deactivates another drug is called? | Antagonist |
| Two drugs combining to produce an effect greater than independent effects of each is called? | Synergism |
| An example of a beneficial synergistic effect is Tylenol #3 which contains? | Acetaminophen and codeine |
| Together they provide? | More analgesic effect than either can separately. |
| An example of an undesirable synergistic effect is the combination of antihistamines and alcohol which can cause? | Unusual drowsiness |
| The synergistic effect of tranquilizers and alcohol can cause? | Death |
| mL | Milliliter (very small drop) |
| mL is equal to a? | Cubic centimeter (cc) |
| L or l | Liter |
| 1L = | 1000 milliliters |
| mg | Milligram |
| g (gm, GM) | Gram |
| 1 g= | 1000 mg |
| Mcg (ug) | Microgram |
| Kg(KG) | Kilogram |
| 1 kg = | 1000g or 2.2 lbs. |
| M | Meter |
| Cm | Centimeter |
| Inch 1 = | 2.54 cm |
| 1000mg = | 1 g |
| 1000 mL = | 1 L |
| 1000 mm = | 1 M |
| 1 g = | 1000mg |
| 1L = | 1000mL |
| M = | 1000 mm |
| Cm | centimeter |
| Apothecary units of measurement? i = | One |
| ii = | Two |
| iii = | Three |
| iv = | Four |
| V = | Five |
| Vi = | Six |
| Vii = | Seven |
| Viii = | Eight |
| ix = | Nine |
| X | Ten |
| x without a line is | Time |
| oz | Ounce |
| oz. l = | 30 mL |
| Tsp or tsp | Teaspoon |
| Tsp1 = | 5mL |
| Tbsp = | Tablespoon |
| Tbsp 1 = | 15mL |
| gr = | Grain |
| Gr 1 = | 60mg |
| lb or # | Pound |
| gt | Drop |
| gtt | Drops |
| Physical or psychological dependence on a drug with an increase of dosage for desired effects (tolerance) and withdrawal symptoms when deprived of the drug is? | Addiction |
| Medications used to treat obesity (appetite suppressants) are called? | Anorexiants |
| Medications used to treat malignancies (chemotherapy) are called? | Antineoplastice |
| Medications used to inhibit the growth of micro - organisms are called? | Antiseptics |
| Inhibiting the growth of bacteria (preservative) is called? | Bacteriostatic |
| The inside diameter of a needle is called a? | Bore (gauge) |
| As the # of the gauge increases the size of the needle bore | decreases |
| A small intravenous needle with plastic wings is called a? | Butterfly needle |
| Reason why a medication should not be administered is called? | Contraindication |
| Agents used to kill mico-organisms are? | disinfectants |
| Insulin is measured in? | Units (U) |
| Other medications measured in units (U) include? | 1. heparin 2. Vitamins 3. Inectable penicillin (PNC) |
| Periodic does of a drug to maintain therapeutic level are called? | Maintenance doses |
| Medications used to constrict the pupil (miosis) are called? | Mydriatics |
| A blood test to indicate the highest serum of a drug is called the? | Peak level |
| A blood test to indicate the lowest serum of a drug is called the? | Through level |
| Medications used to prevent an occurrence are called? | Prophylactis |
| Prophylactics include? | 1.Birth control pills (BCP or OCP) 2. Antibiotics 3. Vaccines aka inoculations or immunizations |
| A standard written plan of treatment is called? | Protocol |
| Determining the smallest dosage that will produce a therapeutic effect is called? | Titration (titrate) |
| Medications used to increase the size of the blood vessels are called? | Vasodilators |
| Medications used to decrease the size of the blood vessel are called? | Vasopressors (vasoconstrictors) |
| Vasodilators cause? | Hypotension |
| Vasoconstrictors (Vasopressors) cause? | Hypertension |
| Each day has ___________ hours with military time | 24 |
| In military time each hour of the day is? | A different number. |
| 0100 = 1:00 a.m. 0200 = 2:00 a.m. 0300 = 3:00 a.m. 0400 = 4:00 a.m. 0500 = 5:00 a.m. 0600 = 6:00 a.m. 0700 = 7:00 a.m. 0800 = 8:00 a.m. 0900 = 9:00 a.m. 1000 = 10:00 a.m. 1100 = 11:00 a.m. 1200 = noon | 1300 = 1:00 p.m. 1400 = 2:00 p.m. 1500 = 3:00 p.m. 1600 = 4:00 p.m. 1700 = 5:00 p.m. 1800 = 6:00 p.m. 1900 = 7:00 p.m. 2000 = 8:00 p.m. 2100 = 9:00 p.m. 2200 = 10:00 p.m. 2300 = 11:00 p.m. 2400 = midnight |
| 0001 = ? | 1 minute after midnight |
| 0059 = ? | 1 minute before 0100 or 1:00 a.m. |
| 1330 = 1300 plus 30 minutes =? | 1400 or 2:00 p.m. |
| 2055 or 2000 plus 5 minutes = ? | 2100 or 9:00 p.m. |
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