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biology exam 1 gonza

QuestionAnswer
when relication starts, an origin of replication forms, consisting of two ______ moving in opposite directions. replication forks
DNA double helix is separated into single strands by the enzyme __________. DNA helicase
newly-exposed, unreplicated DNa is protected by __________ single-strand binding protein
Short segments of RNA are synthesized, called _______. Rna primers
the enzyme that synthesizes the short segments of RNA is called a _______. primase
the short RNA segments provide a free ______ for replication. 3' OH
New DNA is synthesized in the _____ direction. 5' to 3'
The enzyme that removes tightened coils ahead of the replication fork is ________ topoisomerase
the enzyme that catalyzes a new DNA synthesis is _____ DNA polymerase
Dna synthesis occurs continuously on the _____________. leading strand
DNA synthesis occurs in small sections on the _________. lagging strand
fregments of discontinuous DNA synthesis are called ___________. okazaki fragments
gaps in the sugar- phosphate backbone of DNA are closed by ________. DNA ligase
protein-DNA complex that makes up eukaryote chromosomes chromatin
individual proteins that DNA is wrapped around Histone
146-147 base pairs of DNA wrapped around 8 Proteins nucleosome
a zigzag of nucleosomes visible in the electron microscope 30-nm fiber
highly compacted regions of chromosomes heterochromatin
It is an enzyme that requires the presence of a small double-stranded nucleic acid primer to catalyze the addition of nucleotides to the 3′ end of a growing DNA strand. DNA polymerase
The nucleotides within DNA are composed of a phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, and nitrogenous base
Beginning with the simplest level of structure, which order of organization of genetic material is CORRECT? nucleotide, DNA, gene, chromosome, genome
The mechanism of DNA replication is semiconservative
In producing a strand of DNA the nucleotides combine to form what type of bond? phosphodiester
___________ are the building blocks of DNA nucleotides
The substance that contains the genetic information for the production of a structural gene _____ mrna
The process of producing an RNA copy of a gene. _________ transcription
the process of synthessizing a specific sequence of amino acids on a ribosome. translation
the substance in the nucleus of cell that contains the cell's genome. dna
a sequence of amino acids that correspond to the genetic information in a structural gene. polypeptide.
During the process of transcription in a eukaryote... RNA polymerase synthesizes new nucleotide chains in the 5’ to 3’ direction.
Dna is compacted by wrapping itself around a group of proteins called histones
the pyrimidines include _____, ______, and ______. thymine, cytosine, uracil
the enzyme that causes DNA strand separation at the origin of replication is DNA _____. Helicase
a chromosome is composed of: RNA, lipids
the enzyme DNA ________ covalently links nucleotides together. polymerase
telomeres are ralated to: ____ cellular aging
a ______ is a repeating structural unit of eukaryotic chromatin nucleosome
the cell structure that contains DNA is the :________ chromosome
the highly compacted regions of chromosomes are referred to as ________. heterochromatin
an adenine in one strand of DNA forms _____ hydrogen bonds with a thymine. 2
chromatin makes up eukaryotic chromosomes and is a complex of: DNA and proteins
the less condensed regions of chromosomes are referred to as: euchromatin
the definition of _______ is a DNA-protein complex that makes up eukaryotic chromosomes. chromatin
a _________ is composed of double-stranded DNA wrapped around an octamer of histone proteins. nucleosome
the term _______ replication refers to DNA replication prceeding outward from two replication forks bidirectional
the enzyme DNA ______ relieves coiling in DNA strands ahead of the replication fork topoisomerase
Created by: kayleekucharski
 

 



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