biology exam 1 gonza
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| when relication starts, an origin of replication forms, consisting of two ______ moving in opposite directions. | replication forks
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| DNA double helix is separated into single strands by the enzyme __________. | DNA helicase
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| newly-exposed, unreplicated DNa is protected by __________ | single-strand binding protein
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| Short segments of RNA are synthesized, called _______. | Rna primers
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| the enzyme that synthesizes the short segments of RNA is called a _______. | primase
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| the short RNA segments provide a free ______ for replication. | 3' OH
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| New DNA is synthesized in the _____ direction. | 5' to 3'
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| The enzyme that removes tightened coils ahead of the replication fork is ________ | topoisomerase
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| the enzyme that catalyzes a new DNA synthesis is _____ | DNA polymerase
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| Dna synthesis occurs continuously on the _____________. | leading strand
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| DNA synthesis occurs in small sections on the _________. | lagging strand
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| fregments of discontinuous DNA synthesis are called ___________. | okazaki fragments
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| gaps in the sugar- phosphate backbone of DNA are closed by ________. | DNA ligase
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| protein-DNA complex that makes up eukaryote chromosomes | chromatin
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| individual proteins that DNA is wrapped around | Histone
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| 146-147 base pairs of DNA wrapped around 8 Proteins | nucleosome
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| a zigzag of nucleosomes visible in the electron microscope | 30-nm fiber
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| highly compacted regions of chromosomes | heterochromatin
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| It is an enzyme that requires the presence of a small double-stranded nucleic acid primer to catalyze the addition of nucleotides to the 3′ end of a growing DNA strand. | DNA polymerase
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| The nucleotides within DNA are composed of a | phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, and nitrogenous base
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| Beginning with the simplest level of structure, which order of organization of genetic material is CORRECT? | nucleotide, DNA, gene, chromosome, genome
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| The mechanism of DNA replication is | semiconservative
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| In producing a strand of DNA the nucleotides combine to form what type of bond? | phosphodiester
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| ___________ are the building blocks of DNA | nucleotides
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| The substance that contains the genetic information for the production of a structural gene _____ | mrna
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| The process of producing an RNA copy of a gene. _________ | transcription
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| the process of synthessizing a specific sequence of amino acids on a ribosome. | translation
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| the substance in the nucleus of cell that contains the cell's genome. | dna
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| a sequence of amino acids that correspond to the genetic information in a structural gene. | polypeptide.
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| During the process of transcription in a eukaryote... | RNA polymerase synthesizes new nucleotide chains in the 5’ to 3’ direction.
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| Dna is compacted by wrapping itself around a group of proteins called | histones
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| the pyrimidines include _____, ______, and ______. | thymine, cytosine, uracil
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| the enzyme that causes DNA strand separation at the origin of replication is DNA _____. | Helicase
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| a chromosome is composed of: | RNA, lipids
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| the enzyme DNA ________ covalently links nucleotides together. | polymerase
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| telomeres are ralated to: ____ | cellular aging
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| a ______ is a repeating structural unit of eukaryotic chromatin | nucleosome
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| the cell structure that contains DNA is the :________ | chromosome
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| the highly compacted regions of chromosomes are referred to as ________. | heterochromatin
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| an adenine in one strand of DNA forms _____ hydrogen bonds with a thymine. | 2
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| chromatin makes up eukaryotic chromosomes and is a complex of: | DNA and proteins
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| the less condensed regions of chromosomes are referred to as: | euchromatin
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| the definition of _______ is a DNA-protein complex that makes up eukaryotic chromosomes. | chromatin
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| a _________ is composed of double-stranded DNA wrapped around an octamer of histone proteins. | nucleosome
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| the term _______ replication refers to DNA replication prceeding outward from two replication forks | bidirectional
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| the enzyme DNA ______ relieves coiling in DNA strands ahead of the replication fork | topoisomerase
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