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Viette Lab 1
Lab 1 Objectives
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Long Bones | This type of bone contains: Epiphysis, Metahyphysis, Diaphysis |
| Short Bones | This type of bone contains: small and thick (ankle, wrist) |
| Flat Bones | This type of bone is between 2 layers of compact bone (rib) |
| Irregular Bones | This type of bone has complex shapes (spinal, vertebrae, pelvic) |
| Sesamoid Bones | This type of bone is small and flat (inside tendons, near joints of knees) |
| Wormian (Sutural) Bones | This type of bone has small irregular bones/Wormian (pieces of skull) |
| Foramen | Round or oval opening through a bone |
| Fossa | Shallow basinlike depression in a bone,k often serving as an articular surface |
| Sulcus (called groove in lab book) | depression or fissure (furrow) |
| Meatus | Canal-like passageway |
| Fissure | Narrow, slitlike opening |
| Sinus | Bone cavity, filled with air and lined with mucous membrane |
| Condyle | Rounded articular projection |
| Tuberosity | Large rounded projection; may be roughened |
| Tubercle | small rounded projection or process |
| Trochanter | Very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process (only examples on the Femur) |
| Head | bony expansion carried on a narrow neck |
| Crest | narrow ridge of bone; usually prominent |
| Spine | sharp, slender, often pointed projection |
| Epicondyle | raised area on or above a condyle |
| Line | Narrow ridge of bone; less prominent than a crest |
| Ramus | Armlike bar of bone |
| Site of Muscle and Ligament Attachment | Tuberosity, crest, trochanter, line, tubercle, epicondyle, spine, process |
| Projections that help form joints | Head, facet, condyle, ramus |
| Depressions and openings for passage of blood vessels and nerves | Groove, fissure, formaen, notch |
| Others | Meatus, sinus, fossa |
| Diaphysis (shaft) | smooth surface composed of compact bone |
| Epiphysis | the end of a long bone |
| Periosteum | fibrous membrane covering |
| Articular Cartilage | covers bone ends at movable joints |
| Epiphyseal Disk (Line) | thin barely discernible remnants of the epiphyseal plate |
| Medullary Cavity | central cavity of the shaft (diaphysis) |
| Endosteum | lines the canals of compact bone |
| Red Bone Marrow | involved in forming red blood cells, located in the marrow cavities. ADULTS: confined to the interior of the epiphyses, where it occupies the spaces between the trabeculae of spongy bone |
| Yellow Bone Marrow | storage region for adipose tissue located in the medullary cavity |
| Compact Bone | looks smooth and homogeneous |
| Cencellous Bone (SPONGY) | composed of small trabeculae (bars) of bone and lots of open space |
| Central (Haversian) Canals | run parallel to the long axis of the bone and carries blood vessels, nerves, and lymph vessels through the bony matix |
| Canaliculi | tiny canals radiating outward from a central canal to the lacunaie of the first lamella and then from lamella to lamella |
| Osteon (Haversian System) | central canal and all the concentric lamellae surrounding it |
| Osteocytes | mature bone cells that live in lacunae |
| Matrix | 2/3 calcium phosphate which reacts with calcium hyrdroxide to form crystals of hydroxyapatite |
| Perforating (Volkmann's) Canals | run into the compact bone and marrow cavity from the periosteum, at right angles to the shaft |
| Lacunae | chambers which are arranged in concentric circles (concentric lamellae) around the central canal |
| Lamellae | concentric circles of lacunae (concentric lamellae) around the central canal |
| Hyaline Cartilage | provides sturdy support with some resilience or "give" (most skeletal cartilages are composed of hyaline cartilage) |
| Elastic Cartilage | much more flexible than hyaline cartilage, tolerates repeated bending better (only the cartilage of the external ear and the epiglottis) |
| Fibrocartilage | consists of rows of chondrocytes alternating with rows of thick collagen fibers (has great tensile strength and can withstand heavy compression, used to construct interbertebral discs and cartilages within knee joint) |
Created by:
Drbrown2346
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