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memory codes
for cognitive psychology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| memory code | representation used to store an item in memory |
| memory code | acoustic |
| acoustic | phonemic |
| memory code | visual |
| memory code | semantic |
| semantic | meaning based |
| how to control what memory code people use? | orienting task (judgment task) |
| judgment task | ask a person to make a certain decision about a word |
| STM capacity | 7+/-2 |
| craik & lockhart (1972) | argue that decay rates very considerably depending on material being learned |
| hyde & jenkins (1969) | presented 24 words in random order |
| result done well | control group and rate pleasantness |
| differences in recall | how much meaning of word was processed |
| levels of processing theory | the greater the semantic analysis, the greater the depth of processing and more durable the memory |
| the1. _____ the 2.____ analysis, the 3.____ the depth of processing and 4._____ durable the memory | 1. greater |
| the1. _____ the 2.____ analysis, the 3.____ the depth of processing and 4._____ durable the memory | 2. semantic |
| the1. _____ the 2.____ analysis, the 3.____ the depth of processing and 4._____ durable the memory | 3. greater |
| the1. _____ the 2.____ analysis, the 3.____ the depth of processing and 4._____ durable the memory | 4. more |
| different memory codes have _____ decay rates | different |
| why are semantic codes better than phonemic codes? | differ in how elaborate they are |
| why are phonemic codes better than structural codes? | differ in distinctiveness |
| more elaborate codes = | better memory |
| more distinctive codes = | better memory |
| easier to retrieve | more elaborate codes |
| easier to construct | elaborations at semantic levvel |
| elaboration easier to construct at what level? | semantic level than structural and phonemic |
| elaboration | storing associations that help you remember the target item |
| distinctiveness | item that is different in appearance or meaning |
| distinctiveness hypotehesis claim 1 | semantic codes are more distinctive than other codes |
| primary distinctiveness | item is distinct from others in immediate context |
| secondary distinctiveness | item distinct from other items in the LTM |
| orthographic distinctiveness | lowercase words that have a distinctive shape |
| emotional distinctiveness | items that produce an emotional response |
| flashbulb memory | memory of an important event that caused an emotional reacton |
| encoding specificity principle method | read sentence then target word and subject picks word that fits |
| encoding specificity principle result for standard recognition task | deep processing group does better |
| encoding specificity principle result for rhyming recognition task | shallow-processing group does better |
Created by:
wanttopass
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