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categorization
for cognitive psychology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| categorization | consist of objects or events we group together because we feel they are related |
| why categorize? | reduce complexity, identification of objects, reduce need for constant learning |
| artificial categories | categories that can be distinguished on the basis of a simple rule |
| natural categories | categories that many cannot be distinguished on the basis of a simple rule |
| does NOT share identical attributes | natural categories |
| hierarchically organized | natural categories |
| organized according to HOW we use them | natural categories |
| not all members equally good members | natural categories |
| fuzzy borders | no rigid rule that clearly separates members from nonmembers |
| three hierarchial organizations of categories | superordinate, basic, subordinates |
| most important level | basic level |
| most differentiated from each other | basic level |
| how is differentation measured? | by how much members of same categories share attributes with each other |
| when is categorization fastest? | at the basic level |
| most typical fruit named | orange |
| most typical vehicle named | car |
| most typical vegetable named | peas |
| when is a member good? | when it shares more attributes with other members of the same category |
| prototypes | "center" of the category |
| exemplar model | remember examples from categories |
| feature model | determine pattern by its feastures match feature values of category patterns |
| prototype model | create a pattern that feel is a good representative of category |
| theory-based model | base categories on what our knowledge and experience tell us about the objects |
| feature frequency rule | concerned with matching features instead of similarity |
| exemplar model | nearest neighbor rule |
| feature model | feature frequency rule |
| prototype model | prototype rule |
| results of reeds experiment - prototype | 58% |
| results of reeds experiment - nearest neighbor | 10% |
| result of reeds experiment - average distance | 4% |
| result of reeds experiment - feature frequency | 28% |
| amount of practice | DOES influence which model is used |
| theory based view | grouping results on what our knowledge and experience tell us about objects |
| personal knowledge and context important | in our categorical structures |
Created by:
wanttopass
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