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chapters #3
definitions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| notifiable disease | are certain diseases that are under constant survelliance in the United States |
| incidence | describes the number of new cases of a disease at a given time in a specified population |
| epidemiology | the study of the occurence , transmission, distribution,and control of fisease |
| interferon | a group of substances that stimulate the immune system |
| pathogen or infectious agent | is a disease causing organism |
| contagious or communicable | are diseases transmitted by human contact |
| noncommunicable | are diseases that cannot be transmitted directly from one person to another person |
| endemic | is when a disease always occurs at low levels in a population |
| epidemic | is when a disease a disease always occurs in unusually large numbers over a specific area |
| pandemic | is when an epidemic has spread to include several large areas worldwide |
| outbreak | is when a disease suddenly occurs in unexpected numbers in a limited area and then subsides |
| horizontal transmission | is when infectious disease can be transmitted directly from infected human to a suspectsble human |
| vertical tranamission | is when infectious diseases are transmitted from one generation to the next |
| reservoir | the source of an infectious agent |
| parenteral route | is punctures, injections, bites, and surgery van allow microgransims to be deposited directly into the tissues below the skin |
| isolation | seperation of the infected person from others |
| quarantine | is the seperation of persons who may or may not be infected from healthy people until the period of infectious disease has passed. |
| prion | infectious protein. |
| capsid | rotein coat |
| latent infection | is where viruses insert themselves in cells and do not reproduce. later a trigger activates the virus. |
| cocci bacteria | spherical-shaped cells |
| bacilli bacteria | rod-shaped cells |
| spirilla bacteria | spiral-shaped cells |
| vibrios bacteria | comma-shaped cells |
| spirochetes bacteria | corkscrew-shaped cells |
| bacteria | are microscopic, single-cell organisms |
| glycocalyx | a sugar coat that many bacteria secrete on their surface of a substance |
| capsule | is when the glycocalyx are organized and firmly attached to the wall |
| slime layer | is when the glycocalyx are unorganized and are loosely attached to the wall |
| helmiths | are parasitic worms |
| infestations | infections with helmiths (worms) |
| nosocomial or hospital acquired | infections acquired in the healthcare facility |
| emerging infectious diseases | include outbreaks of previously unknown diseases or known diseases whose incidence in humans has significantly increased in the past two decades |
| reemerging infectious diseases | are known diseases that have reappeared after significant decline in incidence |
| fimbrae | are short hair-like appendages that enable bacteria to attach to surfaces |
| endospores | these contain the genetic material of a bacteria packaged in a tough outer coat |
Created by:
carolynsue
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