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Mod 9 Adolescence
Exploring Psychology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| adolescence | the transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending fro puberty to independence. |
| puberty | the period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing. |
| primarys sex characteristics | the body structures (ovaries, testes, and exteran genitalia) that make sexual reproduction possible. |
| secondary sex characteristics | nonreprodcutive sexual characteristics, such as femal breasts and hips, male voice quality, and body hair. |
| menarche | the first menstral period |
| body changes in girls at what age?girls puberty starst with breast development | at about age 11; or often by age 10 |
| body changes in boys at what age? | at about age 13 |
| boy and girls often feel an attraction for each other | a year or two BEFORE puberty |
| those who remember their first period (menarche) recall what feelings? | a mixture of feelings- pride, excitement, embarassment, and apprehension. Those who are prepared consider it a positve life transition. |
| a better predictor of physical changes for puberty is | the sequence (eg. pubic hair, breast buds) than timing. |
| preconventional morality ( from the perspective of individualisty, middle class males) | before age 9, focuses on self-interest; obey the laws to avoid punishment or gain rewards. |
| conventional morality | by early adolescence(early teens); cares for others and upholds laws simply because they are laws. |
| post-conventional morality | those who devlop the abstract reasoning of formal operational thought, affirming peoples rights or following self-defined basic ethical principles. |
| as our thinking matures | our behavior becomes less selfish and more caring |
| education programs focus on | doing the right thing; teach empathy and delay gratification. |
| those who can delay gratification become | more socially responsible, academically successful, and productive. |
| identity | one's sense of self; according to Erikson, the adolescent's task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles. |
| intimacy | in Erikson's theory, the ability to form close, loving relationships; a primary development task in late adolescence and early adulthood. |
| Aristotle recognized humans as the | "social animal" happier with friends than alone. |
| arguments occur with parents more over | household chores, bedtime, homework. |
| Parents differences from teens can lead to | estrangement and stress |
| girls who have positive relationships with their mothers tend to have | positive relationships with their girl friends |
| Infancy to 1yr; Trust vs Mistrust | if needs are dependably met, infants develop a sense of basic trust. |
| Toddlerhood 1-2yrs; Autonomy vs. shame and doubt | Toddlers learn to exercise will and do things for themselves, or they doubt their abilites. |
| preschooler; initiative vs guilt | preschoolers learn to initiate tasks and carry out plans, or they feel guilty about efforts to be independent. |
| elementary school; (6years to puberty); competence vs. inferiority | children lern the pleasure of applying themselves to tasks or they feel inferior. |
| adolescence; (teen years into 20's); identity vs role confusion | teenagers workat refining a sense of self by testing roles and then integrating them to form a single identity, or they become confused about who they are. |
| young adulthood (20s to early 40s); intimacy vs isolation | young adults struggle to form close relationships and to gain the capacity for intimate love, or they feel socially isolated. |
| middle adulthood (40s to 60s); generativity vs stagnation | in middle age, people discover a sense of contributing to the world, usually through family and work, or they may feel a lack of purpose. |
| late adulthood ( late 60s and up); Integrity vs despair | when reflecting on his or her life, the older adult may feel a sense of satisfaction or failure. |
| during the middle teens | self-esteem falls and for girls depression increases, but self-image rebounds (improves) in late teens |
| by late twenties | most feel comfortably independent and better able to empathize with parents as fellow adults. |
| rite of passage | marking an event with an elaborate initiation |
| in idustrialized countries | adolescents are developing earlier and takeing more time to finish college, leave the nest, and establish careers. |
| Today's earlier sexual maturity is related both to | increased body fat, and a weakened parent-child bonds, including absent fathers. |
| emerging adulthood (not-yet-settled pahse of life) | from age 18 to the mid-twenties |
| compared to the 1890's, what stretches out adolescence? | an earlier menarche and prolonging marriage |
| Erik Erikson stresses the chief task of adolescence is | solidfying one's sense of self- identity |
| morality lies in | actions |
| adolescence is marked by | puberty |
Created by:
Msmlb_93
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