Question 1

Pharmacological antagonists:

Accepted Answer

1)  prevent binding of other molecules to the receptor by their binding to the receptor
2) atropine (blocks ACh action on the heart

Question 2

Most important factor influencing drug absorption rate following intramuscular injection:

Accepted Answer

injection site blood flow

Question 3

Weak organic acid, pKa 6.5. Percent ionization at pH 7.5?

Accepted Answer

90%- For a one order of magnitude change (6.5 to 7.5-one power of 10), the choice is 10% or 90%; in the case of an acid, a pH higher than the pKa promotes increased ionization.

Question 4

Term having to do with drug actions on the body:

Accepted Answer

harmacodynamics

Question 5

Drug with this ionization property most likely to diffuse from intestine (pH 8.4) to blood (pH 7.4)?
a. weak acid (pKa 7.4)
b. weak base (pKa 8.4)
c. weak acid (pKa 8.4)
d. weak base (pKa 6.4)
e. weak acid (pKa 6.4)

Accepted Answer

c. weak acid (pKa 8.4)

Question 6

General term having to do with actions of the body on the drug:

Accepted Answer

pharmacokinetics

Question 7

Most drug have molecular weights between:

Accepted Answer

100 and 1000

Question 8

Bond type that is seen in some drug-receptor interactions and tends to very strong, often nearly irreversible:

Accepted Answer

Covalent

Question 9

when pH=pk, 50% of the molecules are ionized. For the weak acid to lose more protons (charged), the pH needs to be above the pKa.
So, Increasing ionization at pH ABOVE pKa? weak acid or weak base?

Accepted Answer

weak acid

Question 10

#
Example(s) of covalent drug-receptor interactions:

   1. activated phenoxybenzamine-receptor
   2. anti-cancer DNA alkylating drugs, like cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
   3.   ?    norepinephrine
   4. A & B
   5. A, B & C

Accepted Answer

4. = 
   1. activated phenoxybenzamine-receptor
   2. anti-cancer DNA alkylating drugs, like cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)

Question 11

Drug-transport system described as "energy requiring":

   1.  glomerular filtration
   2.  facilitated diffusion
   3.  active transport

Accepted Answer

3. active transport

Question 12

Dramatic decrease in systemic availability of a drug following oral administration is most likely due to? 
# extreme drug instability at stomach pH
# hepatic "first-pass" effect
#  drug metabolized by gut flora
#  tablet does not dissolve

Accepted Answer

# hepatic "first-pass" effect

Question 13

Drug delivery method LEAST suitable for long term (days to weeks) slow release? 
   1. pellet implant under the skin (subcutaneous)
2. time release capsule
3. i.m. injection of a drug-oil suspension? 
4. transdermal patch
   5. X  none of the above

Accepted Answer

time release capsule

Question 14

#
Faster drug absorption:

   1.lung or 
   2. stomach

Accepted Answer

Lung

Question 15

Most common mechanism of drug permeation:

   1. endocytosis
   2. carrier-mediated transport
   3. active-transport
   4. passive diffusion

Accepted Answer

passive diffusion

Question 16

Characteristics those aqueous diffusion:
1. occurs within large intracellular and extracellular components
2. occurs across epithelial membrane tight junctions
3.occurs across endothelial blood vessel lining -- often through pores

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Question 17

Description of enantiomers:
1. may be readily superimposed
2. enantiomers, when presence in equal proportions, are referred to as racemates
3.may be characterized by absolute configuration or by direction in which enantiomers rotate polarized light

Accepted Answer

2 & 3

Question 18

Major types of chemical forces/bonds:

   1. hydrophobic interactions
   2.  electrostatic
   3.  covalent

Accepted Answer

all of the above

Question 19

Examples of enantiomeric differences: 1.cardiotoxicity  with both enantiomers of bupivacaine.  2. Ropivacaine less cardiotoxic than bupivacaine because it is metabolized faster 3.cisatracurium =  atracurium isomer that doesn't = histamine release.

Accepted Answer

3.cisatracurium =  atracurium isomer that doesn't = histamine release.

Question 20

#
The binding of the activated form of phenoxybenzamine (alpha-receptor antagonist) with the alpha receptor is an example of this type of chemical force/bond:

   1. electrostatic
   2. covalent
   3.  hydrophobic interactions

Accepted Answer

covalent

Question 21

#
Percentage of all drugs that exist as enantiomeric pairs:
   1. less than 1%
   2. 5%-15%
   3. 30%
   4. > 50%
   5. > 90%

Accepted Answer

> 50%

Question 22

#
Characteristic(s) of enantiomers:

   1. chemically identical
   2.  mirror images of each other
   3.  both
   4.  neither

Accepted Answer

both

Question 23

Factors that influence the rate of passive movement to molecules down the concentration gradient (Fick's Law)? 1.concentration difference 2. area across which diffusion occurs 3.drug mobility in the diffusion panel 4.thicknesslength of the diffusion pass

Accepted Answer

all

Question 24

Saturable transport system(s):

   1. X  facilitated diffusion
   2. X  passive diffusion
   3. X  active transport

Accepted Answer

1. X  facilitated diffusion, 3. X  active transport

Question 25

Stereoselectivity and metabolism:

   1.   ?    enzymes typically exhibit stereoselectivity -- a preference for one or the other enantiomeric form
   2.   ?    duration of action of one enantiomer may be different from the other

Accepted Answer

both

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