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CP unit 1
Cardiopulmonary Physiology Unit 1 - SPC
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| External Respiration | Exchange of gas molecules btwn blood and alveolar air. |
| Internal Respiration | Exchange of gas molecules btwn blood and tissues at the cellular level. |
| Structures in the Upper Airways | Nose, Mouth, Pharynx, Larynx (Transitional) |
| Conducting airways in the Lower Airways | Trachea, Mainstem Bronchi, Lobar Bronchi, Segmental Bronchi, Subsegmantal Bronchi, Bronchioles, Terminal Bronchioles (last conductor) |
| Gas Exchange Airways | Respiratory Bronchioles(Starts Diffusion Process,) Alveolar ducts, Alveolar Sacs, Alveoli (Diffusion) |
| Primary Regions of Nose | Vestibular, Olfactory, Respiratory |
| Vestibular Epithelium & Structures | Alae, Vibrissae, Septum Stratified Squamous (No Cilia) Vestibule represents anterior 3rd of nose |
| Respiratory Epithelium & Structures | Turbinates/Conchae Choanae (opens to Nasopharxynx) Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar. posterior 2/3rd of nose |
| Pharynx | Nasopharynx-Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Oropharynx-Stratified Squamous Laryngo/Hypopharynx-Stratified Squamous |
| Stratified Squamous is in: | Vestibular Area, Oropharynx, Laryngo/Hypopharyxn, Above Vocal Cords (Larynx), |
| PSC Columnar is in: | Respiratory Area, Nasopharynx, Below Vocal Cords(Larynx), Conducting Airway, |
| Cubodial is in: | Respiratory Bronchiole, |
| Simple Squamous is in: | Type I in Alveoli, |
| Cartilages that support & protect the Larynx | Epiglottis- Attaches to the medial surface of the thyroid cartilage. Thyroid- (Adams Apple) gives the larynx its triangular shape. Cephalad (above) the cricoid. Cricoid- only complete cartiliginous ring |
| Trachea & Internal Dimensions | 15-20 C Shaped Cartilages Length: 11-13 cm Diameter: 1.5-2.5 cm |
| Proximal to Trachea | Cricoid |
| Distal to Trachea | Carina (21-23cm from lips) |
| Right Bronchi | 20-30 degree angle Length: 2.5 cm Diameter: 1.4 cm |
| Left Bronchi | 40-60 degree angle Length: 5 cm Diameter 1.0 cm |
| Composition of Lower Airways | PSC Goblet Cells/Submucosal Glands: Produce Mucus Basal Cells "reserve cells" replace depleted goblet or cilia cells |
| Compostion of Lamina Propria | Lymphatic Vessels(pull extra fluid out,) Smooth Muscle(structural support,) Mast Cells, Vagal Nerve Branches- No Epithelial |
| First area of Gas Exchange | Respiratory Bronchiole (simple cubodial) |
| 2 Pathways of collateral Vent | Canals of Lambert / Pores of Kohn |
| Type I | Squamous Pneumocyte- Structural Support and gas exchange |
| Type II | Granular Pneumocyte- Inclusion Bodies produce surfactant |
| Type III | Alveolar Macrophage- "scavenger" cleans bacteria and debris from mucus |
| Layers of Alveolar Capillary Membrane | Alveolar Epithelium, Alveolar Basement Membrane, Interstitium, Capillary Basement Membrane, Capillary Endothelium |
| Composition of Interstitium | Tight Space- gas exchange Loose Space- Collagen for support and lymphatic vessels for fluid drainage |
| Thoracic Cage | Clavicles, Sternum, Ribs True Ribs- vertebrosternal- 1-7 False vertebrocostal- 8-10 Floating- no attachment 11, 12 |
| Pleural Cavity | Visceral Pleura (on organ) Parietal Pleura (lines ribs, diaphragm, mediastinum) Pulmonary Ligament (root of the lung- where the visceral & parietal fuse) |
| Mediastinum | Trachea, Mainstem Bronchi, Heart, Ascending Aorta, Pulmonary Artery, Thoracic Duct, Esophagus, Phrenic and Vagus Nerves |
| Right Lobes | Upper, Middle, Lower |
| Right Segments | Upper: Apical, Posterior, Anterior Middle: Lateral, Medial Lower: Superior, Medial Basal, Anterior Basal, Lateral Basal, Posterior Basal |
| Left Lobes | Upper, Lower |
| Left Segments | Upper: Apical, Posterior, Anterior Lower: Superior, Anterior Medial, Lateral Basal, Posterior Basal *Left/Lingual* Superior Lingualar, Inferior Lingualar |
| Right Fissures | Horizontal: Separates Upper & Middle Oblique: Separates Middle & Lower |
| Left Fissures | Oblique: Separates Upper & Lower |
| Bronchiole Blood Supply | 1/3rd of venous flow returns to the R Atrium via the Azygos, Hemiazygos, and intercostal veins. 2/3rds form Bronchopulmonary anastomoses that go back to the L Atrium via the pulmonary veins. |
| Pulmonary Lymphatic System that drains pleural fluid | Superfical: below visceral Pleura |
| Lymphatic System AKA Deep/peribronchovascular | Take from Hilum & Dump to the Thoracic Duct (10-50 ml/hour) |
| Nonspecific Defenses | Sneeze-induced by trigeminal nerve, Cough- induced by glossopharyngeal or vagus nerve, Mucociliary Escalator- cholinergic stimulation, Alveolar Clearance- macrophages |
| Specific Defenses (Immunoglobulins) | IgA: Antiviral IgE: Assoc. w/ Type I hypersensitivity rxs (asthma) IgG and IgM: Antibacterial/Antiviral |
| Specific Defenses (Lymphocytes) | B: Originate in Bone Marrow- Produce gamma globulin antibodies T: originate in Thymus Gland- T4 helpers, t8 suppressors |
| Larynx Functions | Speech, Prevent Aspiration |
| Paired Cartilages | Arytenoids- vocal cords attched via the the vocal proccesses @ Base. Corniculates- along the posterior wall of the larynx, lay on top of arytenoids. Cuneforms- anterior and lateral to corniculates. |
Created by:
irishblue82
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