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Kirk Psychology 1
Psych 1 Key Points
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is Psychology? | the scientific study of the way we feel (affect), think (cognition), and act (behavior) |
| Nature-Nurture debate... | Between genes & environment, which has a greater impact on the individual and his/her developement |
| What are the parts of the Scientific Method? | 1. Formulate hypothesis 2. Design Study 3. Collect the Data 4. Analyze Data 5. Disseminate the results |
| 3 keys to a good scientific theory | 1. must generate hypothesis 2. empirical (objective measurement) 3. falsifiable |
| What is data? | objective observations & measurements of the world |
| What are variables? | anything that can vary in the world. manipulated or measured in research |
| What is an operational definition? | description of a property in concrete measurable terms |
| What are the 3 dimensions of Research Strategy? | 1. Study Design (What) 2. Research Setting (Where) 3. Data Collection Method (How) |
| What are the 3 study designs? | 1. Experiment (control & exploration) 2. Correlative Study (description, prediction) 3. Descriptive Study (description, prediction) |
| What are the 2 different kinds of variables? | 1. independent (variable that a researcher manipulates) 2. dependent (outcome) |
| What is the Correlation Coefficient? | the statistical measure (r) of the association between variables that ranges from -1 to 1 (+/-) gives direction of relationship += same size direction -= opposite size direction numerical value= strength of relationship 0= no relationship |
| Example of Correlation Coefficient... | increase of seatbelt usage causes decrease of mortality rate r<0 --> negative correlation increase of speed while driving increases mortality rate r>0 --> positive correlation |
| Pros and Cons of Correlation Study... | Pro: more flexible than experiment Con: no random assignment or manipulation; cannot make cause/effect answers |
| What is a Descriptive Study? | describes behavior; observations; helpful in early stages of research (shows behavior exists, develops theory) |
| What are the 2 possible settings of a study? | 1. Laboratory Setting: pro-controlled con-artificial *ideal for experiment 2. Field Setting: pro-natural con-hard to control *best for correlation of descriptive study |
| What are the 4 study methods? | 1. Observational Method: pro-natural, a lot of info; con-takes time 2. Performance/Physio test: pro-Window to the brain; con-costs 3. Self-report:inexpensive, large sample; con-self report bias 4. Case Study: pro-lots of detail; con-small sa |
| Example of research methods... | 1. observational-observe & record behavior 2. problem solving, physical activity 3. self-report: surveys, interviews 4. case studies: extensive exam of 1 person |
| Animal research... | helps to understand human processes some research is impossible w/ human subjects (time/lifespan) Ethics -->IACUC approves any research w/ animals *guidelines for care, housing, and treatment of subjects |
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