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Review Psych - pkt 5
Review-Learning
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Classical Conditioning | subject learns to associate a neutral stimuli with stimuli which produce an involuntary response. Over time, the subject will respond similarly to the neutral stimulus as they did they old one |
| Unconditioned stimulus | original stimulus that evokes a response |
| Conditioned response | learned response |
| Conditioned stimulus | stimulus we learn to respond to |
| Acquisition | learning that takes place when subjects are exposed to CS without the US |
| Delayed conditioning | Neutral stimulus is presented and still being presented which subjects are presented with US |
| Trace conditioning | presentation of CS, then a short break, then the US |
| Simultaneous conditioning | CS and US presented at the same time |
| Backward conditioning | US is presented first, THEN the CS |
| Extinction | unlearning behavior |
| Spontaneous recovery | after conditioning has stopped, a response is shown when the stimulus is presented |
| Generalization | grouping similar stimuli together |
| Discrimination | being able to tell the difference between various stimuli |
| Aversive conditioning | used in socially constructive ways ex: terrible taste to stop nail biting |
| Garcia's learned taste aversion | strange tastes associated with illness |
| Operant conditioning | associating consequences (positive or negative) for behavior |
| Thorndike's law of effect | behavior followed by positive consequence, behavior will increase. behavior followed by negative consequence, behavior will diminish |
| Skinner box | used to study animal learning |
| Reinforcement | anything that makes a behavior more likely to occur |
| Positive reinforcement | addition of something pleasant (paycheck) |
| Negative reinforcement | removal of something unpleasant (snooze button) |
| Escape learning | allows one to stop and aversive stimulus |
| Avoidance learning | allows one to avoid something unpleasant |
| Punishment | anything that makes a behavior less likely |
| Positive punishment | addition of something unpleasant (hot sauce) |
| Negative punishment | omission training; removal of something pleasant (taking phone away) |
| Shaping | rewarding steps that get closer to achieving certain behavior |
| Chaining | rewarding subject to performing a number of responses successively |
| Primary reinforces | things that are rewarding by themselves (food) |
| Secondary reinforcers | things we have learned to value (praise) |
| Premack principle | whichever of two activities is preferred can be used to reinforce the activity that is not preferred |
| Continuous reinforcement | rewarding a behavior every time |
| Partial reinforcement schedules | Ratio schedules - reward for every certain number of responses made Interval schedule - reward after an amount of time Fixed schedule - consistent Variable schedule - changing |
| Instinctive drift | tendency for animals to give up rewards in order to follow instinctive behavior |
| The Contingency Model of Classical Conditioning | Pavlovian Model; The more times two things are paired, the more learning that will take place |
| Observational Learning | Bandura and the Bobo doll experiment Learning through observing others |
| Latent learning | learning that is only obvious once and opportunity to demonstrate learning is possible |
| Abstract learning | understanding concepts instead of only doing something for a reward |
| Insight learning | sudden realization of how to solve a problem |
Created by:
bluelipsblueveins
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