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m&m 5.1

The Nature of Heat

QuestionAnswer
Internal energy The energy of individual molecules moving randomly within the object
Thermal energy Internal energy due to the random motions of its individual molecules
Heat The transfer of thermal energy from an object of higher temperature to an object of lower temperature. Doesn't exist unless thermal energy is being transferred. Flows only from warmer to cooler objects
Temperature Determines the average kinetic energy of the individual molecules
Type of substance The thermal energy of an object depends partly on this
Specific heat The amount of heat that must be added to a certain mass of a particular substance in order to raise its temperature by 1 degree
Thermometer Device used to measure temperature with three different scales: Fahrenheit scale, Celsius scale, and Kelvin scale
Sir William Thomson Known as "Lord Kelvin". Studied a variety of subjects and created Kelvin scale.
Absolute temperature Temperature measured on the Kelvin scale
Calorie The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree C.
BTU (British Thermal Unit) The amount of heat exchanged when 1 pound of water at sea level undergoes a temperature change of 1 degree F, either up or down. Equal to 252 calories
Calorimeter Device used to measure the change in thermal energy of a material
Thermal energy equation Change in thermal energy = specific heat x change in temperature x mass
Fahrenheit scale Devised by Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit. Uses mercury in thermometer. Freezing point of water is 32 degrees. Boiling point is 212 degrees.
Celsius scale Named after Anders Celsius. Freezing point of water is 0 degrees. 100 degrees.
Kelvin scale Named after Sir William Thomson. Also known as "Lord Kelvin". Freezing point of water 273.15 K. Boiling point 373.15 K.
Created by: Jer Stephens
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