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psych semester
end of semester exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| conditional positive regard | approval we get from others only if we have a certain way according to their standards |
| positive regard | love sympathy acceptance and respect that we crave from our family, friends, and people important to us it is nessecary for health development |
| ideal self | how you hope or with yourself to be |
| real self | how you really see yourself as a result of your experiences |
| self actualization | the highest lever needed to meet your full potential, all people seek this but few achieve it |
| adolescence | developmental period ages 12 to 18, biological, cognitive, social and personality traits turn from childlike to adultlike |
| authoritative parents | attempt to shap, control, and evaluate behavior and attitude of their children in accordance to a set standard |
| authoritarian parents | attempt to direct their children activities in a rational and intelligent way |
| cognitive development | how a person precieves, thinks, and gains an understanding of his or her world through interaction and influence |
| estrogen | main female hormone |
| gender roles | traditional or stereotypic behaviors attitudes, values and personality traits that society say how we think and behave |
| kohlbergs theory of moral reasoning | kolhberg explains normal reasoning in three levels doing something for a good reason |
| menarche | fist menstrual period |
| menopause | women age 50 gradual stoppage in secretion of major female hormone ceaces ovulation and cycle |
| permissive parents | less controlling, behave with nonpunishing and accepting attitude towards their childrens impulses |
| puberty | developmental period between ages 9-17, individual experiences significant biological changes, result in developing secondary sexual characteristics and reaching sexual maturity |
| social role theory | emphasizes social and cultural influences between males and females arise from different divisions of labor |
| testosterone | main male hormone |
| behavrioral approach | psychological viewpoint that analyzes how organisms learn new behaviors or modify existing ones |
| biological approach | phychological viewpoint taht examines how our genes, hormones, and nervous system interact with our enviornments to influence learining personality memeory emotions coping tequniques |
| cognitive approach | sudy of how we process store retrieve and use info |
| cross cultural approach | phychological viewpoint that studies the influence of cultural and ethnic similarities and different caged individuals are studied at the same time |
| functionalism | early school of psychological thought that emphasized the function rather than the sturcture of conciousness and was interested in how our minds adapt to our changing enviornment |
| humanistic approach | phycological viewpoint emphasizing that each individual has great freedom in dircting his or her future |
| introspection | method of exploring consciousness mental processes adapted by the structuralists |
| psychiatrist | M.D. who has taken a psychiatric residency,which involves additional training in pharmacology, neurology, psychopathology and therapeutic tequniques |
| psychologist | someone who has completed four to five years of post grad ed. has obtained ph.D |
| structuralism | study of the most basic elements, primarily sensations and perceptions that make up our conscious and mental experience |
| anal stage | ages 1.5 - 3 yrs old comes from anus or bowls (toilet training) |
| anxiety | an uncomfortable feeling that results from inner conflicts between the primitive desires of the id and moral goals of the superego |
| defense mechanisms | unconscious deception used by teh ego to lessen anxiety (denial, repression, projection etc..) |
| denial | refusing to admit an uncomfortable reality |
| displacement | transferring feelings of anxiety into a target who is less threatening |
| rationalization | making up excuses and incorrect explanations |
| repression | pushing uncomfortable thoughts our of the conscious mind into the unconscious |
| projection | inaccurately attributing your own uncomfortable feelings onto someone else |
| reaction formation | acting opposite of the way you really feel |
| sublimination | changing forbidden desires into socially acceptable behaviors |
| ID | animal like motivation to survive, gives pleasurable feelings, does what necessary for survival |
| superego | develops from parents instruction, punishes with guilt and shame. |
| ego | decision making, uses reality to negotiate same and socially acceptable scompromise between id and superego |
| Freudian slips | mistakes in speaking reflection unconscious thoughts |
| dream interpretation | therapists analyze dreams to discover unconscious wishes and fears |
| free association | freely speaking with a therapist about any thoughts and images that come to mind |
| oral stage | first 18 months of life. pleasure comes from the mouth. kid fro mothers milk to a bottle . oral activities like eating and bitting |
| phallic stage | 3-6 years pleasure comes from the genitals. gender roles prove masculinity or femininity |
| latency stage | 6-puberty yrs. sexual thoughts repressed |
| genetal stage | puberty life. maure sexual desires are fulfilled with other people in socially acceptable ways (marriage) |
| unconditional positive regard | spproval we get only by our value as a person and a unique individual |
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