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Chem 178 Chapter 13
Properties of Solutions Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 13.1) A mixture of substances that has a uniform composition is known as what? | Solution |
| 13.1) Solutions are found in what form(s) of matter? | Solid, liquid, and gas |
| 13.1) Interactions between solute and solvent molecules are known as what? | Solvation |
| 13.1) Do polar solutes dissolve in polar solvents or non-polar solvents? | Polar |
| 13.1) The dissolving medium of a solution (which is normally the component present in the larger amount) is known as what? | Solvent |
| 13.1) A substance dissolved in a solvent to form a solution is known as what? | Solute |
| 13.1) Is the separation of solute molecules an exothermic or endothermic process? | Endothermic |
| 13.1) Is the separation of solvent molecules an exothermic or endothermic process? | Endothermic |
| 13.1) Is the formation of a solution an exothermic or endothermic process? | Exothermic |
| 13.1) Do non-polar solutes dissolve in polar solvents or non-polar solvents? | Non-polar |
| 13.1) Do exothermic processes have a positive or negative ΔH value? | Negative |
| 13.1) Do endothermic processes have a positive or negative ΔH value? | Positive |
| 13.1) In general, solutions will form if the ΔH value of solution is positive or negative? | Negative |
| 13.1) The amount of randomness or disorder is called what? | Entropy |
| 13.1) What is a spontaneous process? | One that occurs without outside intervention |
| 13.1) Is solution formation favored by an increase or decrease in entropy that accompanies mixing? | Increase |
| 13.2) The process of a solution forming a solid is called what? | Crystallization |
| 13.2) The amount of solute required to form a saturated solution is the solutions what? | Solubility |
| 13.2) What type of solution has undissolved solute and dissolved solute in equilibrium? | Saturated |
| 13.2) What type of solution contains less solute than a saturated solution? | Unsaturated |
| 13.2) What type of solution contains more solute than an equivalent saturated solution? | Supersaturated |
| 13.3) The tendency or a substance to dissolve in another depends on what three things? | Solute-solvent interactions, pressure, and temperature |
| 13.3) Is the solubility large or small with strong attraction between solute and solvent molecules? | Large |
| 13.3) Are gasoline and water miscible or immiscible liquids? | Immiscible |
| 13.3) Are ethanol and water miscible or immiscible liquids? | Miscible |
| 13.3) Does a molecule increase its solubility in water with more or less -OH groups? | More |
| 13.3) Is solubility greater with higher or lower gas pressure? | Higher |
| 13.3) In Henry's Law, what do S, P, and k stand for? | S = Solubility of gas, P = partial pressure, k = Henry's law constant |
| 13.3) As temperature increases, does the solubility of solids generally increase or decrease? | Increase |
| 13.3) Are gases less or more soluble at higher temperatures? | Less |
| 13.4) Do dilute solutions have relatively large concentrations or small concentrations of solute? | Small |
| 13.4) Do concentrated solutions have relatively large concentrations or small concentrations of solute? | Large |
| 13.4) Molarity, M, is defined as what? | Moles of solute per liters of SOLUTION |
| 13.4) Molality, m, is defined as what? | Moles of solute per kilograms of SOLVENT |
| 13.4) How is the mass percentage of a component measured? | (mass of component in solution per total mass of solution) X 100 |
| 13.5) Vapor pressure lowering, boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, and osmostic pressure are what type of properties? | Colligative |
| 13.5) Is a substance that tends to evaporate readily volatile or nonvolatile? | Volatile |
| 13.5) The pressure exerted by a vapor in equilibrium with its liquid or solid phase is called what? | Vapor pressure |
| 13.5) Does a nonvolatile solute lower or raise the vapor pressure of a solution? | Lower |
| 13.5) When a solution freezes, are crystals of a pure or non-pure solvent formed first? | Pure |
| 13.5) The temperature at which solid, liquid, and gas phases coexist in equilibrium is called what? | the triple point |
| 13.5) What type of membrane permits passage of some components of a solution? | Semipermeable |
| 13.5) The net movement of a solvent from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration is called what? | Osmosis |
| 13.5) The pressure required to prevent osmosis is called what? | Osmotic pressure |
| 13.5) In the equation PV=nRT, what does each variable stand for? | Pressure, Volume, moles, ideal gas constant, and absolute temperature, respectively |
| 13.5) If two solutions have the same osmotic pressure, are they isotonic or hypotonic? | Isotonic |
| 13.5) Are hypotonic solutions or hypertonic solutions relative to a more dilute solutions? | Hypertonic |
| 13.6) Mixtures containing particles larger than normal solutes but small enough to remain suspended in the dispersing medium? | Colloids |
| 13.6) Are hydrophilic colloids water loving or water hating? | Water loving |
| 13.6) Are hydrophobic colloids water loving or water hating? | Water hating |
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kbruning