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Pharm
Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Bethanechol | stimulates muscarinic receptors. Used for urinary retention, GERD, gastric atony. AE: hypotension. |
| Atropine | used for preanesthetic drug, bradycardia, muscarinic poisoning. AE: CNS excitation, toxicity- hallucinations, coma, delirium, R arrest, death. |
| Neostigmine | used for Alzheimer's, myasthenia gravis. AE: bradycardia, SOB. |
| Tubocurarine | used for Muscle relaxation during surgery, mechanical ventilation. |
| Epinephrine | Used for MI, asthma, and anaphylactic shock. AE: hypertensive crisis, angina |
| Regitine | used for essential hypertension, raynaud's disease. |
| Beta blockers-Iol x 5 | used for HTN, angina, MI, dysrhythmias. AE: heart failure, bradycardia. |
| Levodopa | promotes synthesis of dopamine. AE: dyskinesias, malignant melanoma. |
| Dilantin | inhibits Na channels, suppressing action potentials, to control seizure activity. AE: gingival hyperplasia, teratogenic, nystagmus. |
| ASA | used for inflammation, fever, pain. AE: GI, ulcer, Reyes syndrome, salicylism. |
| Celebrex | inhibits COX 2, used for osteoarthritis and RA. AE: dyspepsia, abdominal pain. |
| Tylenol | pain, fever. AE: hepatotoxicity |
| Ergostat | used for ongoing migraine attack, it alters receptor activity, allowing vasoconstriction. AE: N/V. Toxicity called ergotism leads to gangrene. |
| Imitrex | ongoing migraine attack. AE: coronary vasospasm. |
| Imitrex | ongoing migraine attack. AE: coronary vasospasm. |
| Propranolol | reduce frequency of migraine. |
| Lidocaine | usually given with vasoconstrictor, need to aspirate injection to avoid systemic circulation. |
| Halothane | used for anesthesia. AE: R. depression, hypotension. |
| Pentothal | induces anesthesia. AE: cardiovascular and R. depression. |
| Morphine | used for analgesia. AE: R. depression, tolerance, physical dependence. |
| Talwin, Nubain, Stadel | less powerful than morphine, can cause immediate withdrawal reaction, needs to be added slowly and morphine decreased slowly. AE: R. depression. |
| Narcan | Used for opioid overdose, R depression. |
| Tofranil | reduce neuropathic pain. AE: anticholinergic effects, hypotension. |
| Thorazine (low potency) | used for schizophrenia, BPAD. AE: EPS |
| Haldol (high potency) | used for schizophrenia, tourettes syndrome. AE: EPS, NMS, anticholinergic effects. |
| Clozaril | dopamine and serotonin block, clozaril regestery need to have WBC done to get more meds rlt agranulocytosis. Used for schizophrenia, levodopa induced psychosis. |
| Tofranil | block norepi and serotonin, for depression. AE: anticholinergic effects, orthostatic hypotension. |
| Wellbutrin | depression and stop smoking aid. Anticholinergic effects. |
| Lithium | neuromodulator, used for manic and depressive phases of BPAD, narrow safety range. AE: teratogenic, renal toxicity, polyuria. |
| Tegretol | BPAD anticonvulsants, Na channel blockade. AE: leukopenia, hepatotoxicity |
| Valium | potentiates GABA, for anxiety, insomnia, SZ disorder, ETOH wid. AE: CNS and R. Depression. |
| BuSpar | affects serotonin receptors, used for anxiety. AE: dizziness, nervousness, HA, N. |
| Adderall | promotes release of norepi, dopamine, and serotonin. Used for ADHD, narcolepsy, obesity. AlE: physical dependence, dysrhythmias. |
| Captopril (ace inhibitor) | Used for HTN, MI, heart failure. AlE: first dose phenomenon, renal failure. |
| Cozaar (ARB) | HTN, heart failure. AlE: dizziness, fetal injury. |
| Verapamil (CCB) | angina, HTN, dysrhthmias, migraine. AlE: partial or complete AV block. |
| Nifedipine (Dihydropridines) | HTN, angina. AlE: reflex tachycardia. |
| Apresoline (vasodilators) | HTN, heart failure, hypertensive crisis. AlE: reflex tachycardia, SLE syndrome- Lupus. |
| nitroglycerin | angina. AlE: ortho static hypotension, reflex tachycardia |
| digoxin (inotropic) | heartfailure. AlE: cardiotoxicity. Toxicitv risk increases with hypokalemia |
| quinidine | ventricular dysrhythmias. AlE: cinchonism, av block, asystole. |
| cordarone | ventricular dysrhythmias. AlE: pulmonary toxicity, optic neuropathy |
| Lovastatin | Iowers LDL and raises HDL. AlE: hepatotoxicity, fetal malformation |
| questran | High LDL. AlE: constipation |
| niacin | reduces LDL and raises HDL. AlE: itching, flushing, hepatotoxicity |
| lopid | reduces high levels of triglycerides. AE: hepatotoxicity. |
| heparin | suppresses coagulation. AE: hemorrhage, thrombocytopenia |
| warfarin | coagulation suppression by vit. K, VENOUS. AE: hemorrhage, teratogenesis. |
| ASA | suppresses coagulation, ARTERIAL. AE: increased bleeding. |
| Streptase | AE: bleeding, antibody production, hypotension |
| ferrous sulfate | Deficiency Anemia drugs AE: GI |
| Nascobal | Vitamin B 12 deficiency, will reverse anemia. AE: hypokalemia |
| Folate | Folic Acid Deficiency,is an essential factor in DNA synthesis, used for alcoholism and megaloblastic anemia. |
| Erythropoietin | Hematopoietic Growth Factors, stimulates RBC's, used for anemia's, AE: HTN. |
| Neumega | increases platelet production. AE: fluid retention, cardia dysrhythmias |
| Insulin | used for diabetes, ketoacidosis, hyperkalemia. AE: hypoglycemia, allergic reactions |
| Orinase (Oral Hypoglycemics) | realease insulin from pancreas. AE: antabuse reaction, hypoglycemia |
| Synthroid | used for hypothyroidism. AE: thyrotoxicosis, hyperthermia, tachycardia. |
| PTU | used for graves disease, and thyrotoxic crisis. AlE: agranulocytosis, hypothyroidism |
| vasopressin | used for diabetes insipidus. AE: H20 intoxication, angina |
| hydrocortisone (adrenal disorders) | used for replacement therapy, addisons disease. |
| Albuterol | used for ongoing asthma attack. A/E: tachycardia, tremor, angina, hypokalemia |
| Beclovent, Vanceril (Inhaled Glucocorticoids) | prophylaxis for chronic asthma. A/E: candidas infection, dysphonia |
| Prednisone (Oral Glucocorticoids) | prophylaxis of asthma. A/E: adrenal suppression, PUO (peptic ulcer disease), osteoporosis, hyperglycemia. |
| Cromolyn (mast cell stabilizers) | use prior to allergy exposure, safest antiasthmatic. |
| Theo-dur(bronchodilation) | maintenance for chronic asthma. AE: GI, insomnia, restlessness, toxicity= cardiorespritory collapse. |
| Atrovent | used for chronic asthma. AE: dry mouth/throat, increased lOP, throat irritation |
| Zyflo (Leukotriene Modifiers) | used for asthma. AE: hepatotoxicity with reversible hepatitis |
| Benadryl | prophylaxis for allergic rhinitis. AE: anticholinergic effects, sedation |
| Beconase (Intranasal Glucocorticoids) | used for allergic rhinitis. AE: drying of nasal mucosa, burning and itching r/t vehicle |
| Nasalcrom | used for allergic rhinitis. AE: minimal |
| Pepto-bismol | Suppression of H. pylori,disrupts cell wall. AE: pink color can mask GI bleed |
| Tagamet | used for gastric and duodenal ulcers, GERD, zollinger-Ellison syndrome. AE: (NS effects, antiandrogenic effects. |
| Prilosec | used for ulcers, GERD, Z-E syndrome. AE: GI, HA |
| Carafate | used for duodenal ulcers. AE: constipation. |
| MOM | stimulates bowel. AE: constipation, dehydration, renal dysfunction r/t increased MG and K and HTN and Heart Failure r/t increased Na. |
| Fiberall | Bulk Forming Laxatives- mimic dietary fiber, increasing mass. AE: esophageal and intestinal obstruction, needs to be taken with a glass of water |
| Colace, surfak | Surfactant Laxative- decreases surface tension. minimal adverse effects |
| Dulcolax | Stimulant Laxatives- stimulates intestinal motility. minimal adverse effects |
| Reglan | Prokinetic Drugs- suppresses emesis by blocking dopamine and serotonin receptors.AE: sedation, diarrhea, EPS. |
| Zofran | used for chemotherapy induced emesis. AE: dizziness, GI |
| Lomotil, immodium | Anti-diarrheal Drugs- decreases intestinal motility.minimal adverse effects |
| Penicillin G | used for pneumonia, and syphilis- among other things. AE: neurotoxicity, allergic reactions. |
| Cephalosporins | disrupts cell wall, all generations have adverse of bleeding, thrombophlebitis. 1st Gen: Ancef, Duricef, Keflex 2nd Gen: Cefaclor, Cefoxitin 3rd Gen: Rocephin- can cross blood brain barrier to treat meningitis. 4th Gen: Cefepime-can also cross BBB |
| lrnipenern | given with cilistatin d/t enzyme that breaks down imipenem. AE: GI, hypersensitivity. |
| Vancomycin | used in patients allergic to penicillin. AE: ototoxicity, red man syndrome, thrombophlebitis. |
| Tetracycline, doxycycline | BPSI'S- inhibit protein synthesis, AE: suprainfection, tooth discoloration, hepato and renal toxicity |
| Gentamycin | Aminoglycosides- alters protein synthesis, AE: ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity |
| Sulfisoxazole, sulfamethoxazole | Sulfonamides- disrupts folic acid synthesis, - AE: hemolytic anemia, renal damage, kernicterus |
| TMP-SMZ | Folic Acid Suppressor- inhibits folic Acid synthesis, AE: rash, GI |
| Macrobid | UTI Drugs- damages bacterial DNA, AE: GI, hematological, pulmonary |
| Cipro | Fluoroquinolones- inhibits DNA replication, AE: candida infections, GI |
| Hagyl | AE: HA, GI, antabuse reactions |
| cytoxan | Cytotoxic Agents- react with Cell DNA,AE: bone marrow depression, anemia, thrombocytopenia, hemorrhagic cystitis. |
| Mustargen | Mustard alkylating agent- contains nitrogen-HOT!!!!! AE:BMD, GI |
| Methotrexate aka Folex | folic acid productin also used for RA. AE: BMD, stomatis, pulmonary fibrosis. |
| Purinethol | AE: BMD, hepatic dysfunction |
| Dactinomycin | Antitumor Antibiotics AE: BMD, GI, diarrhea |
| Vincristine | Vinca Alkaloids- blocks mitosis AE: peripheral neuropathy, little BMD |
| Taxol | AE: hypersensitivity reactions, BMD, peripheral neuropathy |
| Topotecan | AE: BMD |
| Nolvadex | Antiestrogens- blocks estrogen receptor. used for breast cancer, AE: endometrial cancer, menopausal symptoms. |
| Lupton, Zoladex | suppresses production of androgens by testes (testosterone) chemical casteration, AE: loss of libido, impotence, menopausal symptoms. |
| Interferon | Immunostimulants- increases immune response and decreases cell proliferation AE: flu-like symptoms, GI |
| Lasix | Loop Diuretics- block reabsorption of Na and CI. used for edema, HTN, severe renal impairment. AlE: ototoxicity, hypokalemia, dehydration, electrolyte imbalances. |
| HCTZ | Thiazides- increases secretion of Na, CI, K, and H20. used for essential hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and edema. AlE: same as lasix but no ototoxicity. |
| Spironolactone | Potassium sparing Diuretic- Blocks action of Aldosterone- increasing excretion of Na and retention of K. AE: hyperkalemia, N/V |
| Mannitol | Osmotic Diuretics- creates an osmotic forcewithin the nephron. used to decrease lOP, ICP. AE: edema, can precipitate CHF and pulmonary edema |
Created by:
klopez4
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