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Test 5 1050
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 3 things pathogens can do to the body> | Multiple in large #'s and obstruction, tissue damgage, Secrete exotoxins that cause side effects |
| Summerize what bacteria is | Singel cell highly resistant, need a host |
| What is an endospore and why is it a problem | Highly resistant. Can stay dormant for many yearsm resistant to external inviroment |
| Give 3 examples of bacterial infection | Step, pnueomnia, food poisiong |
| Summerize what a virus is | intercellular parasite, has it's own RNA and DNA. Needs a host |
| Give 3 examples of a viral disease | common cold, cold sores, mono, warts |
| Summerize what fungi are | Eucaryotic, larger than bacteria, ability to grow in 2 forms |
| What are the e classifications od disease caused by fungi? | Superficial, cutaneous, subcutaneous, systematic |
| Describe whar a protozoan parasite is | no cell wall. able to form a cyst for survival outisde the body |
| Give examples of a typical protozoan infection | STD, malaria, trich |
| What are the steps to establishing an infectious disease | Encounter, entry, spread, muiltiplcation, damage, outcome |
| Encounter | either eliminating or colonizing |
| Spread | overcome the immune system, take up residance |
| Multiplication | incubation period |
| Damage | Direct: cell toxins, indirect: alters the metabolism of the host |
| Outcome | Host gains control and eliminates, infection overcomes a host, host and infectious agent live in a state of compromise |
| What is the chain of infection | The human host, infectious microorganism, mode of transmission |
| Human host | favorable inviroment, nutrients and metabolism |
| Infections Microoraganism | bacteria, virus, fungi, parasite |
| Mode of transmission | exogeniously, endogeniously |
| What is a fomite and give an example | inaniamte object that has been in contact with an infectious organism |
| What is a vector | anthropod, misquito, flea, tick |
| The resorvior | site where infectious organism can remain alive people, animals, insects |
| What is a nosocomial infection | hospial infection |
| What is an iatrogenic infection | intervention from a Dr |
| Five sources of a nasocomial infection | medical personal, patient flors, contaiminated hospital enviroment, bloodborne pathogens, invasive procedures |
| Medical personal | direct or indirect contact pass of transfers are endless, active colonizer, transient colonizer- person becomes infected themself |
| Patient flora | microorganisms found in regions of the body exposed to external enviroment- skin, Gi, urinary, respirtatory |
| Contaiminated hospital enviroment | fungal infections, improperly strile equipment, contaiminated Iv solutions |
| Bloodborne pathogens | procedures that allow entrance of microbes- foley, needle, et tube, endoscope |
| 4 ways that constitutes microbial control with a host | constitutive defenses of the body, normal microbial flora, chemotherapy, immunization |
| constitutive defenses of the body | the skin protects, sheeding or sweating |
| normal microbial flora | acts as a protective physical barrier, good is good, bad is bad |
| chemo | static drug inhibits growth, cidal drug kills microbes |
| Immunization | vaccines induce immunity |
| Surgical asepsis | sterile, no chance of infection |
| Medical asepsis | reduction of teh # of infectious agents |
| Define disinfectants | chem that alter the enviroment |
| Antiseptic | iodine, betadine, surgidine |
| How do bacterio static and cydial differ | static- stops growth cydial- causes cell killing (chloine, alcohol,hydorgen prioxide) |
| What chemical methos are used in radiology | heat and hand washing |
| 5 methods that determine effectiveness of chemical method of asepsis | concentration, temp, time of exposure, type and # of microbes, nature of object being treated |
| What temp and time are required for moist heat to be effective | 121 C/ 250 F for 15 min |
| What temp and time are required for dry heat | 160c/ 320 f for 120 min |
| what us the most important measn in preventing the spread fo infection | standard precaustions |
| when are standard procautions used | bidy fkuid, or body isolation |
| What are 3 types os transmission based precautions | blood or body fluid, or secreations |
| 3 diseases that require airborne precautions | chicken pox, rubella, TB |
| what pt care is necessary for airborne precautons | - pressure, wear repiratory precautions |
| 4 diseases that require air droplet precautions | mumps, influenza, rubella, adenovirus |
| diseases that require contact precautions | rubella, staph, hep A varicella |
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