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IOS 9 Exam 2
Ocular disorders and OTC eye care
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are conditions that can be self treated | Dry eyes, allergic conjunctivitis, viral conjunctivitis, diagnosed corneal edema, diagnoses age-related macular degeneration |
| Exclusions for self-treatment | Eye pain, blurred vision, sensitivity to light, history of contact wear, blunt trauma, chemical exposure, symptoms >72 hours |
| Tear film has 3 components what are they? | Lipid component, aqueous component, mucin component |
| Dry eye etiology | Decrease tear production, increased tear evaporation, medication induced, lacrimal disease or obstruction, aging |
| Decreased tear production can be caused by | kertoconjunctivitis, medication, lacrimal disease, aging, sjogrens syndome |
| Medication induced dry eyes commonly seen with | antihistamines, antidepressants, cardiac antiarrhythmia, parkinsons drugs, antiulcer medication, decongestants, HRT |
| Increased tear evaporation can be caused by | dry ambient air, dust environments |
| Sjogrens syndrome is | Inadequate tear production, decreased saliva production, |
| Management of dry eyes incudes | Mild-lubricant drops or ointments Severe dry eyes: ocular inserts, punctal plugs, topical cyclosporin (restasis) |
| Allergic conjunctivitis is what type of allergic reaction | Type I |
| Management of acute allergic conjuctivitis | Avoidance of allergen, topical antihistamine/mast cell stabalizer or artificial tear solution, or topical antihistamine |
| Treatment of atopic keratoconjunctititis | Since it is associated with atopic dermatitis it is best to refer the patient but can suggest artificial tears, PCP will give punctal plug, mast cell stabalizer |
| Signs and symptoms of atopic keratoconjunctititis | Severe itching, burning, and tearing, may see pronounced edema |
| Signs and symptoms of vernal keratoconjunctivitis | Chronic and extremem itching, stringy mucual discharge, characterized by large granulations in the upper eye lids and horner trantas dots |
| Treatment for vernal keratoconjunctivitis | Allergen avoidance, avoid rubbing, do not wear contact lenses, topical antihistamines/mast cell stabilizers, artificial tears, may suggest topicla antihistamine/decongestant QHS for itching |
| Signs and symptoms of Giant Papullary conjunctivitis | Clear white dischartge in the am and upper conjunctival surfaces with nodules, as well as itching |
| Etiology of Giant papillary conjunctivitis | Allergic response to foreign bodies, aka contacts |
| Etiology of Vernal keratoconjunctivitis | Associated with males aged 5-20 who have autoimmun disorders (asthma, eczema) |
| Etiology of Keratoconjunctivitis | Useally assoicated with atoptic dermititis |
| Etiology of Allergic conjunctivitis | Assoicated with pollen and predictable onset |
| Management of Giant papillary conjunctivitis | Refer patient but suggest they not wear contacts for 1 week or until resolves and they discard old lenses and wear new ones. PCP will RX for topical antihistamines/topical mast cell stabalizer, and artificial tears |
| Topical mast cell stabalizers are for | Chronic allergic symptoms |
| Topical antihistamines are for | Any symptom of allergy but they are RX only |
| Topical decongestants are for | Acute allergy (3-5days) |
| Topical steroids are for | severe of chronic allergy |
| Agents with duel antihistamine/mast cell stabilizers are for | Chronic and recurrent allergic eyes |
| Signs of bacterial conjunctivitis include | Intensive redness, purulent sticky discharge, frequently lymphadenopathy (Refer if : photophobia, blurred vision) |
| Signs of Viral conjunctivitis includes | Slight redness, serous discharges, frequently lymphadenopathy |
| DOC for bacterial conjunctivitis | Bactracin/neomycin/polymixin B/ or aminoglycosides or fluoroquinolone |
| Herpes simplex virus treatment | Trifuridine (viroptic) 7-10days or 7 days after symptoms resolve |
| Treatment goals eye infectionss (4) | Reduce extenet and duration of symptoms, prevent spread of infection, reduce socioeconomic costs, reduce associated complications |
| Follow up plan with patients of eye disorders Mild, moderate, severe | Mild 5-7days, moderate 3-5days, severe 1-3 day |
| Corneal edema treatment | Patient must be Dx by PCP. Treatment 2-5% solution or ointment |
| Corneal edema signs | Foggy vision, halos around lights, sensation of foreign body |
| Proper handeling of contact lenses | Wash hands, clean contacts by gently rubbing and throughly rinising with an appropriate solution, store and dis and disinfect |
| Complications of contact lenses | Acanthamoeba, fungal, viral, hypoxia, 3o'clock and 9 o'clock staining, giant papillary conjunctivitis, P.aeruginosa, S. aureus |
| Care of soft contacts | Use daily cleaning solutions, and weekly enzymatic products |
| Hydrogen peroxide to disinfect | Rapid antimicrobial, lack of irritation from preservation after completed disinfection, effective against Acanthamoeba |
| Multipurpose disinfection methods for contacts | Easy to use, active cleaning and disinfection, used for disposable lenses, requires strict compliance |
Created by:
liza001
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